Mc201-11 – Symptomatic

Front 1

anuria

Back 1

absence of urine production or urinary output

Front 2

azotemia

Back 2

retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood

Front 3

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

Back 3

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing to the urethra

Front 4

chronic renal failure

Back 4

renal failure occuring over a period of years. Result of decreased number of functioning nephrons

Front 5

dysuria

Back 5

painful or difficult urination, most commonly a symptom of urinary tract infections

Front 6

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Back 6

condition in which kidney function is permanently lost

Front 7

enuresis

Back 7

involuntary discharge of urine (aka incontinence)

Front 8

fistula

Back 8

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Front 9

frequency

Back 9

voiding urine at frequent intervals

Front 10

hesitancy

Back 10

involuntary delay in initiating urination

Front 11

hydronephrosis

Back 11

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys due to obstruction of the urinary tract

Front 12

nephrotic syndrome

Back 12

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, by way of urine. Due to increased permeability of glomerular membrane

Front 13

nocturia

Back 13

excessive or frequent urination after going to bed

Front 14

oliguria

Back 14

diminished capacity to form and pass urine, resulting in inefficient excretion of end products of metabolism

Front 15

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Back 15

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid (cysts) develop in the kidneys. Kidney failure may result

Front 16

urgency

Back 16

feeling of the need to void immediately. Commonly occurs in urinary tract infection (UTI)

Front 17

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Back 17

failure of urine to pass through ureters to bladder

Front 18

Wilms tumor (pronounced Vilms)

Back 18

rapidly developing malignant kidney neoplasm, usually occuring in children

Front 19

anorchidis, anorchia, anorchism

Back 19

congenital absence of one or both testes

Front 20

aspermia

Back 20

failure to form or ejaculate semen (do not confuse with azoospermia, absence of sperm in ejaculate)

Front 21

balanitis

Back 21

inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis

Front 22

epispadias

Back 22

malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

Front 23

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Back 23

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficent for sexual intercourse

Front 24

hydrocele

Back 24

accumulation of serous fluid in a sac-like cavity, especially in testes and associated structures

Front 25

hypospadias

Back 25

malformation in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or, in extreme cases, on the perineum

Front 26

phimosis

Back 26

stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that foreskin cannot be retracted over the penis

Front 27

sterility

Back 27

inability to produce offspring

Front 28

variocele

Back 28

swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord