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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capsule
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a polysaccharide or protein outermost layer, usually rather slimy, present on some bacteria.
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Chemotaxis
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directed movement of an organism toward (positive) or away from (negative) a chemical gradient.
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Cytoplasmic membrane
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the permeability barrier of the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the environment
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Endospore
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a highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated structure produced by certain gram-positive Bacteria.
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Flagellum
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a long, thin cellular appendage capable of rotation in prokaryotic cells and responsible for swimming motility
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Gas vesicles
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gas-filled cytoplasmic structures bounded by protein and conferring buoyancy on cells
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Gram-negative
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a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall contains small amounts of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane, containing lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and other complex macromolecules
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Gram-positive
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a prokaryotic cell whose cell wall consists chiefly of peptidoglycan and lacks the outer membrane of gram-negative cells
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Group translocation
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an energy-dependent transport process in which the substance transported is chemically modified during the transport process.
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
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lipid in combination with polysaccharide and protein, which froms the major portion of the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria
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Magnetosomes
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particles of magnetite (Fe3O4) organized into nonunit membrane-enclosed structures in cytoplasm of magnetotactic Bacteria.
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Morphology
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the shape of a cell--rod, cocus, spirillu, and the like
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Outer membrane
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a phospholipid and polysaccharide containing unit membrane that lies external to the peptidoglycan layer in cells of gram-negative Bacteria
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Peptidoglycan
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a polysaccharide composed of alternating repeats of acetylglucosamine and acetylmuramic acid arranged in adjacent layers and cross-linked by short peptides
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Periplasm
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a gel-like region between the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the inner surface of the lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative Bacteria
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Peritrichous
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a pattern of flagellation where flagella are located in many places around the surface of the cell
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Phototaxis
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movement of an organism toward light
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Polar
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in reference to flagellation, having flagella emanating from one or both poles of the cell
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Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
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a common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of B-hydroxy-butyrate or another B-alkanoic acid or mixtures of B-alkanoic acids
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Protoplast
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an osmotically protected cell whose cell wall has been removed
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Resolution
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the ability to distinguish two objects as distinct and separate
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S-layer
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an outermost cell surface layer composed of protein or glycoprotein present on some Bacteria and Archaea
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