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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Polio
Replicates in gut
• Some nerve tissue of spine & brain
• Contaminated food, water
• Paralysis of legs, arms, trunk
• Brain: difficulty swallowing and breathing
• 95% cases asymptomatic
– Salk Vaccine
• First developed
• Inactivated
• Injected
• Cannot get disease
- Sabine Vaccine
o Attenuated
o Oral
o Cheap
o Risk of disease
o Not used in US
Measles
One of most infectious diseases
Respiratory droplets
Vaccine (1963) - 99% ¯
For every 1000 children infected, 1-2 will die
US cases
• adopted from other countries before getting vaccine
• unvaccinated by choice
Leading cause of blindness among African children
Kills 1 million children per year worldwide
• Symptoms:
– fever for several days
– followed by cough, runny nose, pink eye
– rash starts on face, then back, trunk, arms, hands legs, feet
– contagious 4 days before & after rash
Mumps
Swollen salivary glands
Painful to the touch
Dangerous for men/boys
Recent outbreak in NY & NJ
– 1500+ cases
– Summer camp in Catskills
Rubella (German Measles)
• Usually mild disease in children
• Mild fever, rash on face & neck for 3 days
• 12-23 days after exposure for symptoms to show up
• If so mild, why are we vaccinated???
• Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
• early in pregnancy, 80% chance baby will have birth defects
• deaf, blind, heart defects, mental retardation, miscarriage common
• Why vaccinate everyone?
• Last epidemic:1964-65
• 12.5mil. infected; 20K babies born w/CRS
MMR vaccine
• Vaccine for Measles, Mumps & Rubella
– Several doses
• 1998 - study suggesting link w/autism
– Based on 12 children
– 2004 - 10 of 13 authors retracted conclusions
– Paper retracted Feb. 2010
• Herd Immunity:
– Diphtheria: 85%
– Measles: 83-94%
Pertussis: 92-94%
• Influenza
• Unique structure
• Envelope has spikes containing enzymes
• Hemagglutinin (H) - virus attaches to cell
• Neuraminidase (N) - helps new viruses get out
• Several forms of H & N
• Virus changes rapidly
• Vaccine ineffective long-term

Symtpoms
• Sudden onset
• Chills, fatigue, headache
• Pain in chest, back, & legs
• HIGH fever (104o), severe cough after 24 hr
• Normally short-lived
• Secondary infections problematic
• Cause of death
Pandemic influenza
1918 - 20 million died
– 1957 - 100,000 died
– 1968 - 36,000 died
– 1997 - boy in Hong Kong died from H5N1
– Millions animals slaughtered
– China “stamped out” H5N1 in 2004
– Some estimate 100 million deaths if becomes human to human transmission
Adenovirus
• Isolated from adenoid tissue
• Most frequent cause of upper respiratory infection
• Common Cold
• Fever, very sore throat, cough
• Rule of thumb: above the neck = cold; below the neck = flu
Viral diseases of nervous system
• Rabies
• Polio
Viral diseases of visceral organs
• Yellow fever
• Dengue fever
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis A
-Acute inflammatory disease of the liver
-Symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal pain, jaundice
-Transmitted by contaminated food/water
-Restaurants (poor hygiene of food handlers)
-PF Chang’s in West Chester
-Raw shellfish

• Some people have relapse infection for 6-9 months
• Can be sexually transmitted
• Only get infected once
• Vaccine available; recommended for people with liver disease, travelers, people who inject meds
• Hepatitis B
-Also liver inflammatory disease
-Much more serious than Hep A
-Can develop into chronic infection if untreated
-Chronic infection leads to death in 15-25%
-Linked to liver cancer
-Transmitted via contact with blood/semen from infected individual
-pay attention to cleanliness of your environment!

• Transmitted via sex, sharing needles, accidental injection at work, mom to baby
• Vaccine available: children 0-18 yrs get several doses
• Recommended for healthcare workers, sex partners of infected ind., family members
• Hepatitis C
-One of most common blood-borne infectious diseases; not as well understood
-Naomi Judd; Pamela Anderson
-Causes chronic liver infection 55-85%
-Chronic liver disease in 70%
-Leading indicator for liver transplant
-Sharing needles, job exposure, mom to baby
-No vaccine
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers
• Fever accompanied by severe bleeding lesions (blood everywhere)
• Ebola, Marburg, hantavirus (The Hot Zone)
• Often fatal; infect humans & non-human primates
• Often no carrier state - acute disease
• Not spread by casual contact
• Marburg outbreak spring 2005 in Angola