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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Membrane
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Prokaryotes only have one, selectively permeable, nutrient uptake, leakage prevention, preforms metabolic processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, biosynthesis, communicates with the environment, has receptors.
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Phospholipids
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Form basic structure of the plasma membrane has polar and non polar ends
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Mitochondria
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Energy center of the cell. Looks exactly like a bacterial cell inside a eukaryote.
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Polar/Nonpolar
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Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic
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Glycerol
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Linkage, backbone of fatty acid complexes
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Ethanolamine
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Found in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes, hydrophilic phosphate.
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Lecithin
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Found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes, hydrophilic phosphate head.
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Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic
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Water Loving/Water Loathing
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Sterols
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Found in eukaryotes gives membrane rigidity
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Hopanoids
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Like sterols give the prokaryotes membrane rigidity.
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Peripheral/Integral Proteins
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Both are embedded in the plasma membrane. Peripheral are only exposed to one side. Integral proteins go through both sides.
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Fluid Mosaic Model
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Plasma membrane structure is not static weak phospholipid bonds allow movement. Proteins can freely move throughout.
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Pseudomembranes
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"False membranes" surround some prokaryote structures, not a typical membrane, Made of protein only.
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Branched chain hydrocarbons
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Archaeal membranes are made of this which are attached to glycerol by ether links.
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Fatty Acids
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An organic compound consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group
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Ether Links
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Any of a class of organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom.
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Ester Links
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Carbon double bonded with one oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen and a carbon
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Osmosis
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Spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvent through a semipermeable membrane
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Isotonic
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balanced diffusion in and out
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Hypertonic
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More solute outside cell, cell begins to release water to balance things out. Shrinks
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Hypotonic
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More solute inside the cell, cell begins taking up more water, explodes
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Passive Diffusion/Simple Diffusion
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High Concentration to low concentration, large gradiant required. Continue til it is equalized. Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide diffuse this way. No energy required.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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A process of diffusion, facilitated by transport proteins. Facilitated diffusion is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific transmembrane transport proteins.
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Permeases
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Any of several cell-membrane proteins that function as channels for the transport of a specific molecule in or out of the cell.
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