Matter Chemistry

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Matter

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Anything that has mass and volume

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Mass

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Amount of material that the object contains (g, kg)

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Volume

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Space occupied by the object (L, mL)

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Extensive property

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Depends on the amount of matter (mass, volume, length)

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Intensive Property

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Depends on the type of matter (hardness, density, boiling point)

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Endothermic

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Reaction that uses energy (feels cold)

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Pure substance

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Type of matter: Matter that has only one set of chemical and physical properties (water)

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Elements

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Type of Pure substance. Simplest kind of matter. Can't be broken down and still have properties and has only one kind of atom.

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Compound

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Pure substance. Made up of 2 or more atoms, chemically combined. Can only be broken down chemically

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Metal

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Type of element: good conductor of electricity, most are solids at room temp, malleable, ductile, and high tensile strength

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Malleable

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Can be rolled and hammered into sheets

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Ductile

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Can be made into wire

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High tensile strength

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Can resist breakage when pulled

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Non metals

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Type of element: poor conductor of electricity and heat, many are gases at room temp, usually brittle, not malleable

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Metalloids

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Type of element: has characteristics of metals and non metals, less malleable than metals but less brittle than non metals, semi conductors

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Physical properties

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Can be observed and measured without changing materials composition (color, hardness, melting point)

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Acid

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Type of compound: sour taste, turns blue litmus paper red, corrodes metals, written with H+

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Base

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Type of compound: bitter taste, feels slippery, turns red litmus paper blue, written with OH-

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Neutralization

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Happens when you combine an acid and base. Produces salt and water.

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Mixture

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Type of matter: physical blend of at least 2 substances; have variable composition

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Heterogeneous

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Mixture that isn't uniform in composition

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Homogeneous

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Same composition throughout; called solutions

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Solutions

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Type of homogeneous mixture

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Colloid

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Type of heterogeneous mixture that has the dispersion of liquid droplets or fine solid particles. Not quite a solution.

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Suspensions

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Type of heterogeneous mixture that settles at bottom

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Tyndall effect

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You can see the light passes through a colloid or suspension

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Chemical properties

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Can only be observed by changing the composition of the material (ability to burn, decompose, react with)

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Solid

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Matter that can't flow. Has definite shape and definite volume.

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Liquid

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Matter that can flow. Has definite volume but takes shape of container.

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Gas

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Substance without definite shape or volume

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Plasma

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Ionized gas. Doesn't have a definite shape or volume. Good conductor of electricity (flames, lightening, aurora)

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Physical change

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Change that doesn't change the identity of the substance (grinding, cutting, changes of states)

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Chemical change

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A change in which a substance is converted into a different substance ( chemical reaction)

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Exothermic

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Reaction that gives off energy (feels warm)