Matter Ch 2

Front 1

#1 What are physical properties?

Back 1

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance.

Front 2

#2 Give examples of physical properties

Back 2

mass, weight, volume, density, color, shape, hardness, and texture

Front 3

#3: What are the four phases of matter?

Back 3

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Front 4

#4 Name the two important characteristics of solids

Back 4

They have definite shape and definite volume

Front 5

#5 What are crystalline solids?

Back 5

Solids that are made up of crystals that have a regular, repeating pattern. Salt is an example.

Front 6

#6 What are amorphous solids?

Back 6

Solids that lose their shape under certain conditions. They are like a slow moving liquid. Wax, rubber, and glass are examples

Front 7

#7 What are the properties of liquids?

Back 7

Liquids do NOT have a definite shape, but the do have definite volume

Front 8

#8 What do the particles in a liquid do?

Back 8

Flow past each other and move around

Front 9

#9 Explain high viscosity and low viscosity

Back 9

High viscosity: resists flowing. Honey is an example.

Low viscosity: flows easily, like water

Front 10

#10 What are the properties of gases?

Back 10

No definite shape, no definite volume. They fill all of the space in the container. The particles can move around freely.

Front 11

#11 Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases

Back 11

Solids: particles vibrate. They barely move.
Liquids: particles flow past each other
Gases: particles move the fastest and easiest

Front 12

#12 The colliding gas particles creates ___________ in the container

Back 12

pressure

Front 13

#13 What is Boyle's law?

Back 13

Volume of a gas goes in the opposite direction of pressure. As one goes up the other goes down.

Front 14

#14 What is Charles's law?

Back 14

The volume of a gas and the temperature of the gas go in the same direction. As one increases, the other increases too.

Front 15

#15 What is Avogadro's Law?

Back 15

Equal volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles (called moles)

Front 16

#16 Facts about plasma

Back 16

The fourth phase of matter....rare on earth but common in the universe...the sun has plasma

Front 17

#17 Tell which particles (solids, liquids, gases) have the most energy and the least energy.

Back 17

Solids: least energy
Liquids: more energy than solids
Gases: more energy than liquids

Front 18

#18 How do substances change phase?

Back 18

By adding or taking away energy

Front 19

#19 List the five ways substances can change phase

Back 19

melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

Front 20

#20 What is melting?

Back 20

changing from a solid to a liquid, like ice changing to liquid water

Front 21

#21 What is the melting point?

Back 21

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Front 22

#23 What is freezing?

Back 22

changing from a liquid to a solid, like water changing to ice

Front 23

#24 What is the freezing point?

Back 23

The temperature at which substances change from a solid to a liquid

Front 24

#25 What is vaporization?

Back 24

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas.

Front 25

#26 What is evaporation?

Back 25

Evaporation is condensation that happens at the surface of a liquid

Front 26

#27 Evaporation is a cooling process because...

Back 26

the perspiration evaporates and carries heat away from your body so you feel cooler

Front 27

#28 Vaporization throughout a liquid is called ____________

Back 27

boiling

Front 28

#29 The temperature at which a liquid boils is called the

Back 28

boiling point

Front 29

#30 How does pressure affect the boiling point?

Back 29

Lower pressures mean lower boiling points because it's easier for the gases to escape.

Front 30

#31 What is condensation?

Back 30

Condensation is when a gas loses energy and changes into a liquid.

Front 31

#32 What is sublimation?

Back 31

When a solid changes directly into a gas

Front 32

#33 What are chemical properties?

Back 32

Properties that describe how a substance changes into new substances?

Front 33

#34 What is flammability?

Back 33

Flammability is a chemical property because a new substance forms

Front 34

#35 What's the difference between a chemical property and a chemical change?

Back 34

A chemical property is about the ABILITY to change. A chemical change is the PROCESS by which something changes.

Front 35

#36 Another name for a chemical change is a _______________

Back 35

chemical reaction