Matter And Energy

Front 1

Proton

Back 1

Positive charged subatomic particle found in nucleus, identifies an element.

Front 2

Neutron

Back 2

Neutral charged subatomic particle, found in nucleus

Front 3

Electrons

Back 3

Negatively charged subatomic particle found in electron cloud surrounding the nucleus

Front 4

Valence electrons

Back 4

Electrons found on the outermost shell that are involved in forming bonds.

Front 5

Group/Family Number

Back 5

Number of Valence electrons, verticals columns, 18 groups/families, elements in the same group have similar properties.

Front 6

Period Number

Back 6

Number of energy levels/shells can be determined from this, horizontal rows, 7 periods, proton number increases as you move to the right, reactivity of metals decrease as you go to the right.

Front 7

Metals

Back 7

Shiny, high melting point, mostly silver/gray, mostly solids( not mercury), malleable, ductile, good conductors.

Front 8

Non-metals

Back 8

Dull, low melting point, brittle, non malleable, not ductile, poor conductors.

Front 9

Metalloids

Back 9

Found on zig-zag line, properties of metals AND non metals, semiconductors, can be shiny or dull.

Front 10

Elements

Back 10

Pure substances, cannot be broken down chemically, hydrogen and helium are the most common elements in the universe, oxygen and silicon are the most common elements in Earth’s crust.

Front 11

Compounds

Back 11

Pure substances, two or more elements chemically combined, able to be broken down chemically, contains different properties than the elements that make them up, water, glucose, and Carbon Dioxide are extremely important compounds for life.

Front 12

Mixtures

Back 12

Two or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined, substances can be separated(filtration, evaporation, magnetic effect, etc.), do not undergo chemical changes when combined, can be homogenous(uniform composition) or heterogeneous(no uniform), salt water and steel are common examples.

Front 13

Organic compounds

Back 13

Contain carbon and at least one atom of hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, or nitrogen(CHOPSN), carbon is central element for all living organisms, organic molecules include: carbohydrates, lipids(fats), proteins, and nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)

Front 14

Atoms

Back 14

Represented by a subscript, located after symbol of element, written as a small number, add atoms of each element in formula to determine total number of atoms, no subscript after element symbol=1 atom of that element

Front 15

Molecule

Back 15

Represented by coefficient, large number, beginning of chemical formula, multiply number of atoms by the coefficient to determine total number of atoms, no coefficient= 1 molecule

Front 16

Reactants

Back 16

Right side of equation, elements/compounds present before reaction takes place

Front 17

Products

Back 17

Right side of equation, elements/compounds present after reaction takes place

Front 18

Balanced chemical equation

Back 18

Find number of atoms of each element on both sides, if number of atoms of each element are the same on each side, the equation is balanced.

Front 19

Unbalanced chemical equation

Back 19

Find number of atoms of each element on both sides, if number of atoms of each element are NOT the same on each side, the equation is unbalanced.

Front 20

Law of conservation of Mass

Back 20

Matter cannot be created or destroyed. Mass on reactant side must equal mass on product side, if you begin with 100 grams of substances, you must end with the same.

Front 21

Density of regular shaped object

Back 21

Mass can be determined using triple beam balance or an electronic scale, volume can be determined by measuring and multiplying the length, width, and height.

Front 22

Density of an irregular shaped object

Back 22

Mass can be determined using triple beam balance or an electronic scale, volume can be determined by using water displacement with graduated cylinder

Front 23

Density of water

Back 23

Density of water= 1g/mL, and object with a greater density than that will sink when in water and an object with less density than that will float

Front 24

Food chain

Back 24

Shows path of energy from organism to organism, begins with the sun, energy is obtained by producers from Sun through photosynthesis, arrows show direction of energy flow.

Front 25

Food webs

Back 25

Overlapping food chains linked together, more realistic diagrams of relationships that occur

Front 26

Energy pyramids

Back 26

Shows amount of energy moving from one feeding level to another, producer located at the bottom; top level consumers at the top, amount of energy decreases as you move up the pyramid.