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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formula for finding the volume of a regular shape? Find the volume of a box that is 12 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. |
V = lwh or Volume = length times width times height. 288 cm3 |
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Name the three most common states of matter. Give an example of each. |
Solid – table, Liquid – water, Gas - oxygen |
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Describe the movement of molecules in each state of matter. |
Solid – vibrate or shake in place Liquid – can move around and slide past each other Gas – can move about very freely |
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What is an atom? |
The smallest, or most basic, unit of matter |
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What is an element? |
Contains only one type of atom |
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What is a compound? Give at least one example. |
consists of two or more types of atoms bonded together. Example – salt |
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What is a mixture? Give at least one example. |
a combination of different things that stay the same individual thing when mixed and can be separated physically. Example: fruit salad |
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Name 3 ways to separate a mixture. |
Magnets, evaporation, filtering |
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Illustrate the particle arrangement for each state of matter. |
gas liquid solid |
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What are physical changes? Give two examples. |
A change in any physical property of a substance, not the substance itself. Examples: shaping a piece of clay, or painting a house |
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What are chemical changes? Give two examples. |
A change of one substance into another. Examples: burning wood or iron rusting |
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What is an insulator? Give an example.
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Material that does NOT allow electricity to flow easily. Rubber.
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What is a Conductor? Give an example.
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Material that does allow electricity to flow easily. Metal
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What is the difference between current electricity and static electricity?
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Current electricity is a continuous flow of electric charge while static electricity is a buildup of electric charge.
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In a series circuit, if one appliance stops working, what will happen to the other appliances in the same circuit? Draw and label a series circuit.
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They will stop working because they share the same path to the voltage source.
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In a parallel circuit, if one appliance stops working, what will happen to the other appliances in the same circuit? Draw and label a parallel circuit.
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The other items will still work because each has its own path to the voltage source.
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What is the purpose of a circuit breaker when the circuit is overloaded?
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To open the circuit and turn off the power.
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List and describe the four basic characteristics of living things.
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1. organization – have cells that allow them to get energy and to move. 2. growth – consume food to get larger 3. reproduction – form other organisms like themselves, DNA is copied and passed on to offspring 4. response to their environment – react to light, temperature and touch
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Define symbiosis. Describe the three different types of symbiosis.
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A close relationship between 2 different species that live close together1. Mutualism – both species benefit2. commensalism – one species benefits, the other is not affected3. parasitism – one species benefits, the other species is harmed.
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How are organisms classified?
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kingdoms
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Most scientists consider viruses to be non-living. Explain why. What do they have in common with bacteria?
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They do not respond to their environment, don’t grow, and don’t take in energy. They have DNA like bacteria do.
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What are bacteria? List the defining characteristics.
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Simplest form of life. Single celled, no nuclei
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Define cell.
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Smallest unit of life that is able to perform the basic functions of life.
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Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells.
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Compare – both have nuclei, cell membraneContrast – plant cell has chloroplasts, animal cell does not. Plant cell has cell wall, animal cell does not. Plant cell is rectangular shape, animal cell is circular or irregular shaped
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Explain photosynthesis.
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Process in which producers use energy from the sun to make sugar.
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Explain cellular respiration.
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Process in which cells use oxygen to release stored energy.
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What 2 factors make up an ecosystem?
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Abiotic factors - non livingBiotic factors– living thing
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What is a habitat?
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The physical location where plants and animals live.
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Explain the difference between deciduous and coniferous trees.
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Deciduous – broad leaves, drop leaves in winter timeConiferous – needle like leaves, keep leaves in winter time
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Give 2 examples of animal adaptations.
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Thick fur for cold climatesSkin/fur color for camouflage
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Explain how living things cooperate and compete.
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Cooperate – working together to benefit all, ants bring food to the nestCompetition - a struggle for limited resources, hyenas and vultures fighting over remains of dead animal for food.
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What is a producer?
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An organism that makes its own energy using sunlight.
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What is a consumer? Explain the 3 levels.
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An organism that gets energy from eating other living thingsPrimary – first link between producers and the rest of the consumersSecondary – eat primary consumersTertiary - eat secondary consumers
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Explain the role of decomposers.
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An organism that breaks down dead organic matter
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What is an energy pyramid? Draw and example.
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An energy pyramid shows the available energy in an ecosystem. The amount of energy decreases as you move up the pyramid
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What is a pollutant?
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Substances that are harmful to the environment.
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Explain the difference between erosion and weathering.
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Erosion - The washing away of soil, Weathering – Natural forces breakdown rocks
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What is meant by the term “urban growth”? How does it affect ecosystems?
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Population grows and there is an increased demand for resources. Can cause increase in erosion, loss of farmland, and poor air quality
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What are the main components of soil?
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Rock particles, organic matter, air, water
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What percent of all water on Earth is freshwater?
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About 3%
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How are sedimentary rocks formed?
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when loose rock particles are pressed together.
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What is a fossil? What type of rock are they found in? What can they tell us about the past?
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Remains of dead plants and animals from long ago. Found in sedimentary rock. Can give clues to how the Earth once looked.
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Give an example of a natural disaster and tell how it impacts Earth.
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Volcano – burns plant life
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