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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isaac Newton
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1643-1727; British; Development of infinitesimal calculus (differentiation and integration), laid ground work for almost all of classical mechanics, generalized binomial theorem, infinite power series
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Gottfried Leibniz
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1646-1716; German; Independently developed infinitesimal calculus (his calculus notation is still used), also practical calculating machine using binary system (forerunner of the computer), solved linear equations using a matrix
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Jacob Bernoulli
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1654-1705; Swiss; Helped to consolidate infinitesimal calculus, developed a technique for solving separable differential equations, added a theory of permutations and combinations to probability theory, Numbers sequence, transcendental curves
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Abraham de Moivre
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1667-1754; French; development of analytic geometry, first statement of the formula for the normal distribution curve, probability theory
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Colin MacLaurin
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1698-1746; Scottish; gravitation attraction of ellipsoids, used Taylor series to characterize maxima, minima, and points of inflection, wrote Treatise of Fluxions
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Niels Henrik Abel
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1802-1829; Norwegian; Proved impossibility of solving quintic equations, group theory, abelian groups, abelian categories, abelian variety
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Leonhard Euler
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1707-1783; Swiss; Made important contributions in almost all fields and found unexpected links between different fields, proved numerous theorems, pioneered new methods, standardized mathematical notation and wrote many influential textbooks
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Joseph Louis Lagrange
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1736-1813; Italian/French; Comprehensive treatment of classical and celestial mechanics, calculus of variations, theorem of finite groups, four-square theorem, mean value theorem
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Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
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1768-1830; French; Studied periodic functions and infinite sums in which the terms are trigonometric functions
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
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1777-1825; German; Pattern in occurrence of prime numbers, construction of heptadecagon, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, exposition of complex numbers, least squares approximation method, non-Euclidean geometry
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Adrien-Marie Legendre
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1752-1833; French; Abstract algebra, mathematical analysis, least squares method for curve-fitting and linear regression, quadratic reciprocity law, prime number theorem, elliptic functions
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Évariste Galois
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1811-1832; French; Proved that there is no general algebraic method for solving polynomial equations of degree greater than four, laid groundwork for abstract algebra, group theory, ring theory, etc
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George Boole
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1815-1864; British; Devised algebra (using operators AND, OR and NOT), starting point of modern mathematical logic, led to the development of computer science
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Pafnuty Chebyshev
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1821-1894; Russian; Contributions in statistics, probability, mechanics and number theory; His inequality was used to prove the weak law of Large Numbers
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Bernhard Riemann
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1826-1866; German; Non-Euclidean elliptic geometry, differential geometry in multiple dimensions, complex manifold theory, zeta function, famous Hypothesis
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James Clerk Maxwell
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1831-1879; Scottish; developed differential equations in electromagnetism; studied optics and color vision; also kinetic theory of gases.
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Henri Poincaré
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1854-1912; French; Partial solution to “three body problem”, foundations of modern chaos theory, extended theory of mathematical topology, famous conjecture
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David Hilbert
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1862-1943; German; 23 “problems”, finiteness theorem, “Entscheidungsproblem“ (decision problem), developed modern axiomatic approach to mathematics, formalism
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Felix Hausdorff
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1868-1942; German; contributed in philosophy, poetry, and wrote essays. Theory of ordered sets prompted by continuum problem. In 1916, co-solved the continuum problem for borel sets.
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Emmy Amalie Noether
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1882-1935; German; theories of algebraic invariants and number fields, Wrote Theory of Ideals in Ring Domains, 1921, noncommutative algebras and hypercomplex numbers and theory of modules and ideals
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Blaise Pascal |
pioneer of probability theory; triangle of binomial coefficients |
