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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

differential / difference equation to transfer function

create H(s) using H(s) = Y(s)/U(s) (transform input if required)

State Space representation (ABCD) to transfer function

Fadeev algorithm




then using S1s + S2s... in form C x S x B and all / s^n + a1s^(n-1)...

Quotient Rule

f/g - differentiated:




f'g - g'f / g^s

euler's formula

e^(iw) = cos(w) + isin(w)

integration by parts

int(v du) = vu - int(u dv)

Differential Equation to state update equation (models)

from q'' = A(n)x + A(n-1)x... A0



to Matrix: with A0, A1, etc. to A(n-2) in the bottom row. I above on the right


Species system symbols

big Epsilon: natural growth




sigma: natural cut-off




alpha: relationship to others

Phase diagram

dy/dx where the functions dy and dx are known from the growth equations

Transfer function to impulse response function

Partial fraction expansion PFE

State-space representation to impulse response function directly (not using Fadeev)

using formula with exponents

networks to transfer function

use complex formula

being observable

can observe the state through the output

being controllable

can go to any other state from any finite state

into controllable or observable canonical form

just copy the damn coefficients according to the damn formula

model classes

discrete/continuous, linear/non-linear, deterministic/non-d




black-box, white-box, grey

parsimony principle

simple model is preferred: lower cost, maintenance etc

Model Cycle:

problem analysis


conceptual modelling (relationships, IO)


mathematical model class selection (black,white)


Conceptual validation (experts)


Implementation (program)


verification (test)


system identification and calibration (using data, best match)


Model validation (cross-validation)


Model analysis (uncertainty, sensitivity)