Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A family is considered a fundamental social unit because it assumes most of the responsibility for
|
affection, socialization, and health care functions of its members and transmits its cultural background and core values in this context
|
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
nuclear families with other relatives living with them |
extended family
|
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
idealized family structure (nuclear family) male and female partners living in an independent unit, sharing roles, responsibilities, and economic resources |
married parent family / nuclear family
|
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
unmarried biologic or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with other adults |
single parent families
|
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
formed as a result of divorce and remarriage with unrelated members |
married blended families
Consists of unrelated family members (stepparents, stepchildren, and stepsiblings) who join together to create a new household. these family groups involve a biologic or adoptive parents whose spouse has not adopted the child.-hers and his together |
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
children live with two unmarried biologic parents or adoptive parents |
cohabitating parent families
not married but living together. Hispanic children have the highest % to live in this kind of family |
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
lesbian and gay couples who may live together with or without children |
homosexual families
|
|
married-parent family, extended family, married-blended families, cohabitating-parent families, single-parent families, homosexual families, & no-parent families.
children live independently in foster or kinship care |
no parent families
|
|
Family Systems Theory encourages nurses to view individual family members as
|
a unit and focus on observing the interaction among family members rather than studying family members individually
|
|
what does subculture mean:
|
group existing within a larger cultural system that retains its own characteristics
|
|
what does acculturation mean:
|
the changes in ones cultural pattern to those of the host society
occurs when people from different cultures come in contact with one another. |
|
what does assimilation mean:
|
becoming in all ways like the members of the domninant culture
involves the complete loss of cultural identity while acquiring a new cultural identity. |
|
what does ethnocentrism mean:
|
view that ones own cultures way of doign things is best
|
|
In maternity nursing and women’s health care, the nurse supports & ___
|
nutures the beliefs that promote physical or emotional adapation to childbearing
|
|
What is cultural competence?
|
the adaptation of care in a manner that is congurent with the clients culture. learning about and applying the standards of another persons culture to activities within that culture
|
|
Understand the components of culturally competent care.
-Personal insight into the reality that there is: -ability of the nurse to understand what? |
disparity between ones own culture and that of the client
the behaviors of the clients from own uniqure cultural background |
|
Understand the components of culturally competent care.
-ability to take abstract knowledge about -ability to communicate what? |
other cultures and apply it in a practical way
respectfulness for a wide range of differences |
|
Understand the components of culturally competent care.
recognition of the importance of anticipating the need to address |
culturally different commnuication styles
varying degrees of language ability |
|
1. Know the definitions and understand the differences between contraception and birth control.
|
contraception: intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse
birth control: the device and or practice to decrease the risk of conveiving or bearing offspring |
|
Why would someone using contraception still be at risk for pregnancy?
|
their choice of contraceptive method is not perfect or is used inconsistenetly and or incorrectly
|
|
the ideal contraceptive should be?
|
safe, easily available, economical, acceptable, simple to use, and promptly reversible
|
|
What are the 7 factors affecting method of contraceptive effectiveness?
|
1. frequency of intercourse
2. motivation to prevent pregnancy 3. understand of how to use the method 4. adherence to method 5. provision of short/long term protection 6. likelihood of prengancy for the individual woman 7. consistent use of method |
|
what is coitus interruptus.
|
-means withdrawal (involves the male withdrawing the penis from the womans vagina before he ejaculates)
|
|
fertility awareness methods depend on what?
what are the 3 periods? |
idetifying the beginning and the end of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle
1. infertile phase: before ovulation 2. fertile phase: about 5-7 days around the middle of the cycle, including several days before and during ovulation and the day afterward 3. infertile phase: after ovulation |
|
fertility awareness methods
-what are the advantages? |
- low to no cost
-absence of chemicals & hormones -lack of alteration in the menstrual flow pattern |
|
fertility awareness methods
-what are the disadvantages? |
-adherence to a strict record keeping
-unintentional interference from external influences that may alter the womans core body temp and vaginal secretions -decreased effectiveness in women with irregular cycles -decreased spontaneity of coitus -attending possibly time consuming training sessions by qualified instructors -failure rate is 25% |
|
what is natural family planning
|
natural family planning
--avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods |
|
what is Calendar Rhythm method?
-how is the fertile period determined? how lond do you record? -the beginning of the fertile period is estimated by? -how is the end of the fertile period determined by? -what ist he differences in the #s? |
fertile period is determined after accurately recording the lengths of menstrual cycles for 6 months.
-the beginning of the fertile period is estimated by substracting 18 days from the length of the shortest cycle -subtracting 11 days from the length of the longest cycle -the difference in those #s is when the couple would abstain from sex b/c it's the fertile period |
|
standard days method
|
modified form of the calendar rhythm method
-fixed number of days is 8-19 and cyclebeads necklaces are used to track fertility |
|
ovulation method
|
woman recognize and interpret the cyclic changes in the amount and consistency of cervical mucous that chatacterize her own unique pattern of changes
-intercourse is considered safe without restriction beginning the 4th day after the last day of wet clear slipperly mucus |
|
basal body temperature
|
lowest body temp of a health person is taken immediately after waking and before getting out of bed
-fertal period is the day of the first temp drop or first elevation through 3 consecutive days of elevated temp -abstinence begins the first day of menstrual bleeding and lasts through 3 consecutive days of sustain temp rise |
|
symptothermal method
|
tracks the psychological symptoms that mark the phases of her cycle
-this method combines at least 2 methods usually cerbical mucus changes with BBT |
|
home predictor test kits
-what does it detect? |
urine predictor kit that detects sudden changes in LH hormone that occurs approximately 12-24 hours before ovulation
|
|
twoday method
|
based on monitoring and recording of cervical secretions, a new algorithm for identifying the fertile window. 2 questions are posed
1) did i note secretions today 2) did i note secretions yesterday |
|
Barrier Methods have gained popularity not only as a contraceptive method, but also
|
as protection against the spread of STIs
|
|
spermicides work by
|
reducing sperm mobility so they can't swim to get to the egg
|
|
Does one need a prescription for Spermicides?
|
no you dont need a prescrption
|
|
what 2 functions do male condoms serve?
failure rate? |
provider a physical barrier for sperm and provider a barrier for STIs (human papiloma virus and herpes simplex virus)
Failure rate is 15% |
|
The female condom is available _____.
Failure rate? |
1 size, for single use only, sold over the counter
FR 21% |
|
The woman (using a diaphragm) is informed she needs an annual gyn exam to assess
|
the fit of the diaphragm
|
|
what are some measures to reduce risk of toxic shock syndrome?
|
prompt removal 6-8 hours after intercourse
-not using the diaphragm or cervical caps during menses and learning and wathching for danger signs of TSS |
|
how long are cervical caps in place on the cervix?
|
no less than 6 hours and no more than 48 hours
|
|
What 3 things may interfere with the cervical cap’s ease of fitting and use?
|
1. angle of the uterus
2. vaginal muscle tone 3. shape of the cervix |
|
Women not good candidates for cervical cap include:
|
those with abnormal pap test results
-those who cannot be fitted properly with the existing cap sizes -those who find insertion and removal of the device too diffficult -those with a history of TSS -those with vaginal or cervical infections -those who experience allergic reactions to the latex cap or spermicide |
|
The contraceptive sponge provides protection for
|
up to 24 hours and for repeated instances of sexual intercourse
|
|
To maintain adequate hormonal levels for contraception, and enhance compliance
|
COCs (combined oral contraceptives) should be taken at the same tiem each day
|
|
advantages of combined oral contraceptives
|
-doesnt relate directly to the sexual act
-improvement in sexual response may occur once possibility of pregnancy is not an issue -convenient to know when to expect the next menstrual flow -decrease blood loss anemia -regulation of menorrhagia reduced incidence of PMSA protection against endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer |
|
disadvantages of combined oral contraceptives
|
women need to be screened for conditions that contraindicate to COC.
-SE stroke -myocardial infarction -thromboembolism -hypertension -gallbladder disease -liver tumors - |
|
side effectcs of combined oral contraceptives
|
common SE are nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, and chloasma
|
|
combined oral contraceptives
-failure rate? |
success rate almost 100% and 8% failure rate due to omission
|
|
Combined Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives Oral Contraceptives
-FSH and LH are secreted in response to fluctuating levels of ovarian estrogen and progesterone --regular ingestion of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs) suppresses the action of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, leading to ........... - |
insufficient secretion of FSH and LH therefore follicles do not mature and ovulation is inhibited.
-other COCs alter the endometrium making it less favorable for implantation |
|
Emergency contraception should be taken by the woman within ________ of unprotected intercourse.
|
120 hours
|
|
Emergency contraception is ineffective if the woman
|
pregnant
|
|
culture, subculture, acculturation, assimilation, ethnocentrism
the sum total of socially inherited characteristics of a human group that comprises everything which one generation can tell, convey, or hand down to the next (the nonphysically inhered traits we possess) |
culture
|
|
culture, subculture, acculturation, assimilation, ethnocentrism
refers to a group existing within a larger cultural system that retains its own characteristics |
subculture
|
|
culture, subculture, acculturation, assimilation, ethnocentrism
refers to the changes in one’s cultural pattern to those of the host society. occurs when people from different cultures come in contact with one another. |
acculturation
|
|
culture, subculture, acculturation, assimilation, ethnocentrism
becoming in all ways like the members of the dominant culture. involves the complete loss of cultural identity while acquiring a new cultural identity. |
assimilation
|
|
culture, subculture, acculturation, assimilation, ethnocentrism
There way is the best way - “I’m right and my culture is better than yours” the view that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is best |
Ethnocentrism
|
|
Asian-Americans
*pregnancy: -considered a time when: -it's seen as a: -strong preference for (male or female) HCP? -belief in what theory? -may omit what kind of food? y? -prefer what kind of soup? -what is usually excluded from the diet? why? |
-when mom “has happiness in her body”,
-it’s seen as a natural process, -strong preference for female HCP, -belief in theory of hot and cold, -may omit soy sauce in diet to prevent dark-skinned baby, -prefer soup made with ginseng root as general strength tonic, -milk usually excluded from diet b/c it causes stomach distress, inactivity or sleep late may cause difficult delivery |
|
Asian-Americans
*labor: -mom is attented by whom? -who does not actively participate? -what is unique about birth? -what kind of birth is not not desired? |
mother is attended by other women (esp. her mom),
- father does not actively participate, -labor in silence, -cesarean birth is not desired |
|
Asian-Americans
*newborn: -what concept is important? -who is the head of the household? -who plays a subordinate role? -what sex is prefered? -what group believe colostrum is dirty and what may they do? |
concept of family is important and valued,
-father is head of the household, -wife plays a subordinate role, -birth of boy preferred and may delay naming child, -some groups (Vietnamese) believe colostrums is dirty and therefore may delay breastfeeding until milk comes in |
|
Asian-Americans
*postpartum: - |
must protect self from yin (cold forces) for 30 days, ambulation is limited, shower and bathing prohibited, warm room
|
|
Asian-Americans
*diet -warm fluids like what? -diet high in (hot or cold) foods -what do chiense mothers avoid? (2) |
some women are vegetarians, Korean mom served seaweed soup w/ rice,
-Chinesee diet high in hot foods, -Chinese mothers avoid fruits and veggies |
|
-contraindications for COC use are:
|
a history of thromoembolic disorders, cerebrovascular or coronary artery disease, breast cancer, estrogen-dependent tumors, pregnancy, impaired liver function, live tumor lactation less than 6 weeks postpartum, smoking if older than 35, h/a with focal neurologic symptoms, surgery with prolonged immobilization or any surgery on the legs, hypertension (160/100), and diabetes mellitus (of more than 20 years) with vascular disease
|
|
serious side effects with high does of estrogen/progesterone include
|
-stroke,
MI, thromboembolism, hypertension, gallbladder disease, liver tumors. |
|
SE of estrogen excess are:
-SE of estrogen deficiency are: |
SE of estrogen excess are: nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, chloasma
-SE of estrogen deficiency are: early spotting, hypomenorrhea, nervousness, atrophic vaginitis leading to painful intercourse (dyspareunia) |
|
-SE of progestin excess:
-SE of progestin deficiency: |
-SE of progestin excess: increased appetite, tiredness, depression, braest tenderness, vaginal yeast infection, oily skin, hirsutism, postpill amenorrhea
-SE of progestin deficiency: late spotting and breakthrough bleeding, heavy flow with clots, decreased breast size |
|
-one of the most common side effects of combined COCs is
|
bleeding irregularities
|
|
-the “right” COC for a woman is one that contains the
|
the lowest does of hormones that prevents ovulation and one that has the fewest and least harmful side effects
|
|
-pills that make BCP less effective are:
|
anticonvulsants (barbiturates),
systemic antifungals, antituberculosis drugs, anti HIV protease inhibitors, antibiotics, st johns wart |
|
Intrauterine Devices --a small, T shaped device with bendable arms for insertion through the cervix
--inserted against the uterine fundus, the arms open near the fallopian tubes to maintain position of the device and to adversely affect the |
sperm motility and irritate the lining of the uterus
|
|
intrauterine devices
-what are the 2 strings that hang from the base of the stem through the cervix and protrude into the vagina for the woman to |
feel for assurance that the device has not been dislodged
|
|
before IUD insertion, the woman must have what:
|
-the client should have a negative pregnancy test, treatment for dysplasia if present, cervical cultures to rule out STIs and a consent form signed before IUD insertion
|
|
intauterine devices
-advantages: |
long term protection from pregnancy and immediate return to fertility when removed
-effective for 5 years |
|
intrauterine devices
-disadvantages: |
increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) shortly after placement, unintentional expulsion of the device, infection, and possible uterine perforation, offer no protection against HIV or other STIs
|
|
-signs of potential complications of intrauterine devices (IUDs)
|
-P: period late, abnormal spotting or bleeding
-A: abdominal pain, pain with intercourse -I: infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge -N: not feeling well, fever, chills -S: string missing, shorter orlonger |
|
intrauterine devices (IUDs)
-not for which kind of women? –Offer constant _____ –Medicated IUDs loaded with either |
Not for nulliparous women, more for someone who has had a baby already
contraception copper or progestational agent |
|
The Family in Society
-the social context for the family can be viewed in relation to |
social and demographic trents the define the population as a whole.
|
|
The Family in Society
-racial and ethnic diversity of the population has (decreased or increased) dramatically in the last 30 years |
increased
(75% white, 13% Hispanic, 12% black) |
|
Fertility awareness methods (FAM) do not protect against STIs or HIV infection
(true or false) |
true
|
|
Fertility awareness methods (FAM)
what does it rely on? what age group is this not good for? |
Relies on avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods (can be used to get pregnant)
not good for teengers cuz their hormones are raging |
|
Fertility awareness methods (FAM)
what does it combine? |
charting menstrual cycle with abstinence or other contraceptive methods
|
|
Periodic Abstinence, or natural family planning (NFP)
-the human ovum can be fertilized no later than ____hours after ovulation. |
16-24
|
|
Periodic Abstinence, or natural family planning (NFP)
-sperm: the ability to fertilize the ovum probably lasts no longer than |
2 days
|
|
Periodic Abstinence, or natural family planning (NFP)
provides contraception by using methods that rely on |
-avoidance of intercourse during fertile periods
-Periodic abstinence (NFP) knowing when your fertile and not having sex no those days. Sperm live more than 2 days, so if they have sex 2 days before you ovulate, your not safe. The egg lives about 24 hours. If you have sex within 24 hours of ovulation, your not safe. • (relies on both partners signing up and being motivated) |
|
Combined Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives Oral Contraceptives
Advantages: -decrease: -decrease: -regulation of: -reduced incidences of: -protection against: -reduce the risk of: |
-decrease menstrual blood loss
-decreased iron-deficiency anemia -regulation of mennorrhagia and irregular cycles -reduced incidence of dysmenorrheal and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) -oral contraceptives also offer protection against endomentiral cancer, ovarian cancer, - reduce the |
|
Combined Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives Oral Contraceptives
advantages: -improve: -protect against development of: -decrease the risk of: -considered a safe option for: -overall effectiveness rate is: |
-improve acne
-protect against the development of functional ovarian cysts -decrease the risk of ectopic pregnancy -oral contraceptives are considered a safe option for nonsmoking women until menopause -the overall effectiveness rate is almost 100%. |
|
Combined Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives Oral Contraceptives
-after discontinuing oral contraception, return to fertility usually happens quickly but fertility rates are |
slightly lower the first 3-12 months.
|