Maternal Child Nursing Care Chapter 24

Front 1

Maintenance of balance between heat loss and heat production

Back 1

Thermoregulation

Front 2

Heat production

Back 2

Thermogenesis

Front 3

Heat production process unique to the newborn accomplished primarily by brown fat and secondarily by increased metabolic activity in the brain, heart, and liver.

Back 3

Nonshivering thermogenesis

Front 4

Flow of heat from the body surface to cooler ambient air. Two measures to reduce heat loss by this method would be to keep the ambient air at 24C and wrap the infant.

Back 4

convection

Front 5

Loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler, solid surface no in direct contact but in relative proximity. To prevent this type of heat loss, cribs and examining tables are placed away from outside windows and care is taken to avoid direct air drafts

Back 5

radiation

Front 6

Loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to vapor; in the newborn heat loss occurs when moisture from the skin is vaporized. This heat loss can be intensified by failure to dry the newborn directly after birth or by drying the newborn too slowly after a bath.

Back 6

evaporation

Front 7

Loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact. When admitted to the nursery, the newborn is placed in a warmed crib to minimize heat loss. Placing a protective cover on the scale when weighing the newborn will also minimize heat loss by this method.

Back 7

conduction

Front 8

High body temperature that develops more rapidly in newborn than in the adult. The newborn has a decreased ability to increase evaporative skin water losses because sweat glands do not function sufficiently to allow the newborn to sweat; serious overheating can cause cerebral damage from dehydration or heat stroke and death.

Back 8

hyperthermia

Front 9

Pinkish, easily blanched areas on the upper eyelids, nose, upper lip, back of head, and nape of neck. They are also known as stork bites.

Back 9

telangiectatic nevi

Front 10

Overlapping of cranial bones to facilitate passage of the fetal head through the maternal pelvis during the process of labor and birth.

Back 10

molding

Front 11

generalized, easily identifiable edematous area of the scalp usually over the occiput area

Back 11

Caput succedaneum

Front 12

Collection of blood between skull bone and its periosteum as a result of pressure during birth

Back 12

Cephalhematoma

Front 13

Bluish-black pigmented areas usually found of back and buttocks.

Back 13

mongolian spots

Front 14

Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet, especially when chilled.

Back 14

Acrocyanosis

Front 15

White, cheesy substance that coats and protects the fetus's skin while in utero.

Back 15

vernix caseosa

Front 16

White facial pimples caused by distended sebaceous glands.

Back 16

Milia

Front 17

Yellowish skin discoloration caused by increased level of serum bilirubin.

Back 17

Jaundice

Front 18

Thick, tarry, dark green-black stool usually passed within 24 hours of birth.

Back 18

meconium

Front 19

Sudden, transient newborn rash characterized by erythematous macules, papules, and small vesicles.

Back 19

Erythema toxicum

Front 20

Transient cross-eyed appearance lasting until the third or fourth month of life.

Back 20

Pseudostrabismus

Front 21

Color variation related to vasoconstriction on one side of the body and vasodilation on the other side of the body

Back 21

Harlequin sign

Front 22

Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, around the testes.

Back 22

Hydrocele

Front 23

Monilia infection of the oral cavity resulting in white plaques on buccal mucosa and tongue that bleed when touched.

Back 23

Thrush

Front 24

Membranous area formed where skull bones join.

Back 24

Fontanel

Front 25

soft, downy hair on face, shoulders, and back.

Back 25

Lunugo

Front 26

Bleeding into a potential space in the brain that contains loosely arranged connective tissue; it is located beneath the tendinous sheath that connects the frontal and occipital muscles and forms the inner surface of the scalp. The injury occurs as a result of forces that compress and then drag the head through the pelvic outlet.

Back 26

Subgaleal hemorrhage

Front 27

Peeling of the skin that occurs in the term infant a few days after birth; if present at birth, it may be an indication of post maturity.

Back 27

Desquamation

Front 28

Flat red to purple birth mark composed of a plexus of newly formed capillaries in the papillary layer of corium; it caries in size, shape, and location, but it is usually found on the neck and face. It does not blanch under pressure or disappear.

Back 28

Port wine stain

Front 29

Birth mark consisting of dilated, newly formed capillaries occupying the entire dermal and subdermal layers with associated connective tissue hypertrophy; it is typically a raised, sharply demarcated bright or dark red, rough-surfaced swelling that may proliferated and become more vascular as the infant grows; usually is found as a single lesion on the head.

Back 29

Strawberry Hemangioma

Front 30

Slightly blood-tinged mucoid vaginal discharge associated with an estrogen decrease after birth

Back 30

Pseudomenstruation

Front 31

Foreskin

Back 31

Prepuce

Front 32

White cheesy substance commonly found under the foreskin

Back 32

Smegma

Front 33

Small, white, firm cysts seen at the tip of the foreskin.

Back 33

Epithelial pearls

Front 34

Extra digits, fingers or toes.

Back 34

Polydactyly

Front 35

fused fingers or toes

Back 35

Syndactyly

Front 36

variations in the state of consciousness of newborn infants

Back 36

sleep wake states

Front 37

The 2 sleep states.

Back 37

deep light

Front 38

The newborn sleeps about _______ hours a day, when periods of wakefulness gradually __________.

Back 38

16-18
increasing

Front 39

the 4 wake states

Back 39

1. drowsy
2. quite alert
3. active alert
4. crying

Front 40

The optimum state of arousal in which the infant can be observed smiling, responding to voices, watching faces, vocalizing, and moving in synchrony.

Back 40

quiet alert

Front 41

Ability of the newborn to respond to internal and external environmental factors by controlling sensory input and regulating the sleep-wake states thereby making smooth transitions between states.

Back 41

State modulation

Front 42

Protective mechanism that allows the infant to become accustomed to environmental stimuli. it is a psychologic and physiologic phenomenon in which the response to a constant or repetitive stimulus is decreased.

Back 42

habituation

Front 43

quality of alert states and ability to attend to visual and auditory stimuli while alert

Back 43

Orientation

Front 44

Individual variations in a newborn's primary reaction pattern. The three major types are the _______ child, _______ child, and ________ child.

Back 44

Temperament; easy, slow to warm up, difficult

Front 45

Child that demonstrates regularity in bodily functions, readily adapts to change, has a predominantly, positive mood and moderate sensory threshold, and approaches new situations or objects with a moderate response.

Back 45

easy child

Front 46

Child that has a low activity level, withdraws with first exposure to new stimuli, is slow to adapt and low in intensity of response, and is somewhat negative mood.

Back 46

slow to warm up

Front 47

Child that is irregular in bodily function, intense in reactions, generally negative in mood, and resistant to change or new stimuli and often cries loudly for long periods.

Back 47

difficult

Front 48

Apply pressure to feet with fingers, when the lower limbs are semi-flexed-legs extended against examiner's pressure.

Back 48

Magnet

Front 49

Place infant supine on flat surface and make a loud abrupt noise- symmertic abduction and extension of arms, fingers fan out, thumb and forefinger form a C; arms are then adducted into an embracing motion and return to relaxed flexion and movement.

Back 49

Moro

Front 50

Place finger in palm of hand or at base of toes-infant's fingers curl around examiners finger, toes curl downward.

Back 50

Grasp

Front 51

Place infant prone on flat surface, run finger down side of back forst on one side then down the other 4 to 5 cm lateral to supine-body flexes and pelvis swings toward stimulated side.

Back 51

Truncal incuration (Galant)

Front 52

Tap over forehead, bridge of nose, or maxilla when eyes are open-blinks for first 4 or 5 taps.

Back 52

Glabellar (Myerson)

Front 53

use finger to stroke sole of foot beginning at heel, upward along lateral aspect of sole, then across ball of foot-all toes hyperextended, with dorsiflexion of big toe.

Back 53

Babinski

Front 54

Anal sphincter responds to touch by opening and closing

Back 54

Wink reflex

Front 55

Testes retract when infant is chilled

Back 55

Cremasteric

Front 56

touch infant's lip, cheek, or corner of mouth with nipple-turns head toward stimulus, opens mouth, takes hold, and sucks.

Back 56

Rooting

Front 57

Place infant in a supine position, turn head to side-arm and leg extend on side to which head is turned while opposite arm and leg flex.

Back 57

Tonic neck

Front 58

Hold infant vertically, allowing one foot to touch table surface-infant alternates flexion and extension of its feet.

Back 58

Stepping (walking)

Front 59

Tough or depress tip of tongue-tongue is forced outward.

Back 59

Extrusion

Front 60

Place infant in supine then extend one leg, press knee downward, and stimulate bottom of foot-opposite leg flexes, adducts, and then extends.

Back 60

Crossed extension