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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pregnancy is divided into ___ trimesters; ___ weeks each.
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3; 13
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The only signs that can determine pregnancy with 100% accuracy
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Positive signs
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The most obvious presumptive sign of pregnancy
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Amenorrhea (though not a RELIABLE sign by itself)
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Least reliable indicators of pregnancy
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Presumptive changes
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Presumptive signs (9)
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Fatigue
Breast tenderness N&V Amenorrhea Urinary frequency Hyperpigmentation of the skin Fetal movements Uterine enlargement Breast enlargement |
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Objective (Probable) Signs
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Braxton Hicks Contractions
(+) pregnancy test Abdominal enlargement Ballottement Goodell's Sign Chadwick's Sign Haegar's Sign |
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Braxton Hicks Contractions
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*Spontaneous, irregular, and painless contractions; *Start in the 1st Trimester - throughout pregnancy;
*Especially noticable in the last month, when they function to thin out or efface the cervix before birth |
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Ballottement
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Examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a pelvic examination and feels a rebound from the floating fetus.
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Goodell's Sign
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Softening of the cervix
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Chadwick's Sign
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Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
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Hegar's Sign
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Softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus during the first 6 to 8 weeks; results in exaggerated uterine anteflexion, contributing to urinary frequency
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
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Glycoprotein that serves as the earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy.
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hCG doubling time
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Differentiates between normal and abnormal pregnancies
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high hCG indicates
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molar pregnancy or multiple gestational pregnancies
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low hCG indicates
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ectopic pregnancy
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Positive Signs (within 2 weeks of missed period)
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Ultrasound verification of embryo/fetus
Fetal movement felt by an experienced clinician Auscultation of fetal heart tones vis Doppler |
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Stimulates Uterine Growth
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Estrogen
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Uterine Growth is
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a result of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the myometrial cells
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80-90% of blood flow goes to the
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placenta
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diameter of the main uterine artery
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doubles with pregnancy
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isthmus
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*lower portion of the uterus.
*does not undergo hypertrophy and becomes increasingly thinner. |
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the uterus remains in the pelvic cavity for the first...
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3 months; after which it progressively ascends into the abdomen; adding to urinary frequency
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in last trimester, gravid uterus can
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fall back against the inferior vena cava causing reduced venous return & decreased cardiac output and blood pressure.
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