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224 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The amalgam war was fought over
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the value and safety of silver dental amalgam
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Dr. Frederick Mckay is credited with
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noting dental fluorosis in Colorado Springs
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Since 2005 the american dental association seal of acceptance is awarded to
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consumer but not professional products
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the earliest historical mention of the use of fluoride dates back to 1874 in
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England
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? force is applied when two surfaces slide against each other or in a twisting or rotating motion
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shearing
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stress is the amount of force exerted from within an object and ? is the amount of change that the force has produced
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strain
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which material has the highest ultimate compressive strength
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amalgam
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fatigue failure
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occurs as the result of microscopic flaws that grow over time
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the staining of resins and acrylics from repeated exposure to coffee, tea, and other dyed beverages is due to
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tarnish
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suggested to delay formation of surface tarnish on dental amalgams
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polishing
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excessive expansion of a restorative material may result in
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leakage of fluid and bacteria into the gaps
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percolation
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allows the ingress of bacteria and oral fluids and may lead to recurrent caries, staining, and pulpal irritation
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of the three types of forces, which is most concerned with the stretching of a material
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tensile force
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normal pHof saliva is
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6.2-7
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contact between two dissimilar metals in the mouth may result in
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galvanic shock
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some materials give off heat when mixed. This is called
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exothermic reaction
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microleakage is caused by
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a poorly placed restoration
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the thicker or thinner a material is is called its
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viscosity
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adhesion is the method of
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dual retention
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the color range of a tooth is usually seen by the human eye as yellow or brown. This component is classified as
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hue
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the thermal conductivity of composite resin
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is similar to tooth structure
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which type of bond occurs when two atoms share electrons in their outer shell, creating full shells for both
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covalent bond
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which of the following forms of matter has/have both shape and volume
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solid
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hardest material
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enamel of a tooth
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the higher the viscosity, the greater is a liquid's ability to resist flow. Usually, the viscosity of liquids increases as the temperature increases
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first statement is true, second statement is false
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therapeutic dental materials
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medicated bases or topical treatments for periodontal disease
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dental plaster begins with
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water and powder components
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not a primary bond
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hydrogen
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the stability of a solid is evaluated by noting
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whether the molecules are arranged uniformly
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metals that can whithstand dimensional change without breaking are
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ductile
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a ? material will flow more easily under mechanical pressure
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viscous
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a hazardous chemical is any substance that
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cancatch fire, can react or explode when mixed with other substances, is corrosive or toxic
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acute chemical toxicity results from ? levels or exposure over a ? period of time
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high, short
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if eyes are exposed to acids used during manipulaion of various dental materials, it is recommended to use the nearest eye wash station and flush the eyes with water for at least
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ten seconds
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a substance is defined as being corrosive if the pH is less than ? or greater than 12.5
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2.0
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which part of the chemical hazard communication program must describe how chemicals are handled in the workplace
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written program
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particulates smaller than 5 microns are
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aerosols
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purpose of the Material Safety Data Sheets is to
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provide instructions in case of spill
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materials that are transferred from larger containers to smaller containers must be labeled using
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photo of the original label, specially made secondary label
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the most commonly used etchant or conditioner for tooth bonding is ? in concentrations ranging from 10% to 38%
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phosphoric acid
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bond strength
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wetter dentin with more holes is more difficult to bond to consistently than shallower dentin
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primary teeth should be etched for longer periods of time than adult teeth because
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the surface of the enamel has a prism pattern that is not well structured, the enamel is considered aprismatic
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excess water left from the etching procedure is removed by gentle drying with air but
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the dentin is left moist so that is glistens
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a dual cure process for resin bonding agents
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can be activated by light or can cure chemically without application of the curing light
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the clinical technique of post cementation involves thoroughly rinsing off the phosphoric acid used to etch the canal and removing excess water with a
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paper point
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sequence for tooth preparation before cementation of a post in an endodontically treated tooth
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prepared canal is etched with phosphoric acid and then the acid is rinsed off
excess water is removed with a paper point dentin primer is placed in the canal and air dried to drive off any remaining water and the volatile solvents in the primer self curing or dual curing composite resin cement is applied to both the canal and the post |
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prupose of a dental bonding
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provide adhesion
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wavelength of the curing light
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blue
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contaminants on the surface of the tooth can greatly affect the longevity of the restoration and may include
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saliva and blood
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the primer portion of the dental bonding agent is ? to water
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hydrophilic
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in the polmerization process for composite resins, an activator causes an initiator molecule to form a ? that breaks one of the carbon to carbon double bonds to form a single bond and another free radical
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free radical
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the catalyst paste of a chemically cured composite resin contains ? as an activator
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a tertiary amine
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in general, it is recommended that light cured composite be placed in increments no thicker than ? mm
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2.0
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nanohybrids have a particle size of ? microns
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.005-.020
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flowable composites
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are useful as liners in large cavity reparations because they adapt to the preparation better than more viscous materials such as hybrid and packable composites
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polymerization shrinkage of composite resin restorations
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recent research indicates that the composite resin material does not shrink toward the light
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for composite restorative materials, the greater the filler content, the ? the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the greater the resin content, the ? the CTE
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lower, greater
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which part of the tooth is generally closest to the dentin in color
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cervical
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it is recommended to ? to reduce sticking of the composite material to the placement instrument
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place the composite material in the refrigerator
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which curing lights are currently the most popular
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light emitting diode (LED)
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If a commercially made radiometer is not available, a rough estimate of curing light output can be made by taking a sample of composite, placing it ? and light curing it on one end for 40 seconds
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into a 4 mm length of drinking straw
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which chemical is used to prepare the dentinal tooth surface for placement of glass ionomer cement
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10% polyacrylic acid
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some composite resin materials give off heat when cured. This is called an
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exothermic reaction
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composite resins should be placed in
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small increments to avoid shrinkage
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which composite resin material would not be used in non stress bearing areas
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macrofilled
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color is matched to the patients existing tooth structure by
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using a shade guide, moistening the teeth, curing a small amount
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curing time for a curing light with a halogen bulb should be
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20-40 seconds
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the accepted optimal level of fluoride in the drinking water is in the rage of ? mg/L or parts per million
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.7-1.2
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treatment of carious teeth with sealants resulted in
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an 89% reversal from a caries active to a caries inactive state
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oxygen inhibited layer on cured dental sealant
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it occurs because the set of the resin at its surface is inhibited by contact with oxygen in the air
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teeth from which sealants are most frequently lost
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second molars
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worst sealant failure
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the sealant remains in place but leaks
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a sports guard thickness of about ? mm is desirable for heavy contact sports in which injuries are more likely
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4
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teeth bleaching
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teeth bleaching occurs when the bleaching maerial passes through the spaces in enamel and oxidezes the stains
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tooth stains
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in general yellow brown discolorations are easier to bleach than blue gray and black colors
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leaking restorations should be replaced before the bleaching process is started to
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prevent excessive penetration of bleach through dentinal tubules that might irritate the pulp and cause sensitivity
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the use of a bonding agent with pit and fissure sealants ? its longevity
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increases
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stains most effectively removed by bleaching of vital teeth are the
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yellow brown stains
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side effects of bleaching
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tooth sensitivity, gum irritation, condyle pain
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first layer of porcelain applied to the metal during fabrication of porcelain metal restorations
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opaque porcelain
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the major drawback of ll ceramic restorations in the posterior of the mouth is the
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fracture rate
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method for fabrication of ceramic restorations utilizes the lost wax technique similar to that used to cast gold crowns
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heat pressing
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computer assisted machining for crown and bridge techniques
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no die needs to be poured and no temporary crown is needed
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when a shade match is obtained, the shade tab should be ? the tooth to be matched
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in the same plane as
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the primary cause of porcelain failure is
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occlusal loading
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when porcelain particles are melted and fused to metal, the process is known as
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sintering
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the inside of the veneer is conditioned using a solution of
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hydrofluoric acid
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characteristics used for taking shades
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value, chroma, hue
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ideal color of the surrounding area during shade matching is
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grey
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modern dental amalgams are considered to be high ? in content compared with their predecessors
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copper
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it takes up to ? for most amalgams to gain their maximum strength
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24 hours
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creep is a phenomenon associated with the ? amalgam alloys
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gamma 2 phase seen with low copper
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when spherical high copper dental amalgam alloys are contrasted with admixed dental amalgam alloys, the spherical alloy
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has very little resistance to condensation into the cavity preparation and feels soft compared with an admixed amalgam
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properly triturated amalgam will appear
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a satiny ball
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once amalgam is set, attempts to carve will
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damage the margins
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grain formation in dental casting alloys
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iridium or ruthenium is added to gold base alloys to keep the crystals from growing too large
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the metals in porcelain bonding alloys are selected and blended so they have which of the following properties
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small amounts of metals such as indium, iron, tin, or gallium are added to form oxides on the metal surface to which the porcelain will bond
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the higher the fineness number of a gold solder, the ? the gold content and the ? the melting point of the solder
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higher, lower
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flux is used when gold castings are soldered to
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remove surface oxides so the solder will flow freely and wet the alloy surfaces as it melts
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the arch wire is held to the orthodontic bracket by
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ligature wire or elastics
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14 karat gold contains ? % gold
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58
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an immediate placement surgical procedure means that
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the implant fixture is placed directly into the new socket when the implant procedure involves the extraction of a tooth
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the ? attaches to the impression abutment and is used to replicate the implant fixture for the laboratory cast
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implant analog
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recommended for use with titanium implants
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steel curettes
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failure of the implant that occurs after the initial integration is often caused by
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bacterial infection extending from the peri implant tissues into the bone
overloading of the implant during function |
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a ? is placed onto the implant to record the implant for the crown impression
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transfer post
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oral hygiene for implant patients should be monitored
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every 3 to 4 months
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if polishing of implant attachments is deemed necessary, the hygienist should use
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a slurry of tin oxide
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proper finishing, polishing, and cleaning of tooth structures and restorative materials ? of the restorative material
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improves esthetics, improves tissue health, increases the longevity
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abrasive particles that are ? will cut more efficiently
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large and irregular
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pumice is
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a major component of many prophylaxis pastes used to polish tooth structure, dental amalgam, and acrylic bases
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the philosophy of ? polishing is regarded as the most appropriate approach in the selection of which teeth and surfaces to polish
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selective
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polishing the contact area between restored teeth is
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undesirable
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margination may be indicated if the overhand is ?, the contact is ?, and there is no indication of caries
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small, closed
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staining at the margins of composite restorations due to microleakage
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cannot be polished away
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utilizing a high handpiece speed while using an abrasive agent may
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cause loss of control over the handpiece
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a higher number of particles or flutes on a rotary finishing bur ? its abrasive intensity
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decreases
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rubber cup polishing
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removes some of the fluoride rich layer of enamel
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not a benefit of polishing a restoration
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increased attrition of tooth structure
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try in paste is used to
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tack the restoration in place to check the shade of the final product
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? cements are recommended for cementing thicker ceramic restorations where light would not penetrate adequately
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dual cure
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? cement should be removed with alchohol or orange solvent once it has set
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zinc oxide eugenol
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acidity of zinc phosphate cement
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the acidity of zinc phosphate cement is initially low, but becomes neutral within 24 to 28 hours
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zinc polycarboxylate cement is no longer usable when it
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loses its gloss and becomes stringy
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the composition of hybrid ionomer cement is similar to that of glass ionomer cement, but it is modified with the addition of
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resin
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most metal free restorations can be cemented only with when of the following cements
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resin modified glass ionomer cement
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when cment is mixedto deliver a permanent crown, the mixture should be mixed
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to a luting consistency
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the primary purpose for placing calcium hydroxide is to
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promote reparative dentin
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to lower the setting time of certain cments, one must
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lower the slab temp
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a major concern of many cements is their pH this is a result of
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acids in the mixture
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an advantage of a resin based cement is that it
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bonds with dentin
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most widely used dental impression material
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irreversible hydrocolloid
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some practitioners use a specially formulated addition silicone material in an automatic mixing cartridge system to make dies for
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indirect composite inlays
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impressions taken with polyether should be poured within
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30 minutes
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a dental impression is a ? reproduction of the teeth
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negative
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impressions should be disinfected
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chairside upon removal
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B-hemihydrate is commonly used for
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diagnostic models
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the ? the particles of gypsum powder are, the weaker and less resistant to abrasion is the final product
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larger, more irregular, and porous
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which gypsum products is ideal for making full or partial denture models, orthodontic models, and casts requiring higher strength and abrasive resistance
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dental stone-type III
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when working models for cast restorations are being made, a die of high strength stone, type IV, is often poured with a base and adjacent teeth of type ? stone
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III
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an increase in the recommended water to powder ratio will result in a ? accurate model
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weaker, less
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and increase in spatulation time and rate will ? the setting time and ? the rate of setting expansion
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shorten, increase
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loss of gloss indicates that freshly mixed gypsum has reached its
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initial set
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double pour method for fabricating and trimming diagnotic/working casts
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this technique involves two separate mixes
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when stone is mixed with silica, this is referred to as ?
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investment
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once the initial set of the stone has occurred, the material
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will lose its glossy appearance
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manufacturers recommend that models be pulled
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about one hour after the pour
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the coefficient of thermal expansion of acrylic resins is more than ? that of composite resins
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twice
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in general, the chemical cured acrylic resins are ? than hear cured acrylic resins
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more porous, less color stable
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when the acrylic powder and liquid are mixed, the chemical and heat cured materials go through a similar reaction, except that chemical cured materials have a ? in te liquid as an activator, whereas heat cured materials do not
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tertiary amine
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polymerization shrinkage is seen most readily in which of the following areas of a heat cured acrylic resin denture
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palatal
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long term soft liners often ? form a good bond to old acrylic
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do not
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chairside reline
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reline material is applied to the primed denture base and the denture is reseated in the patient's mouth for border molding
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why do some clinicians place three or four two mm diameter holes in the wax spacer in the anterior and posterior ridge regions
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the spacer creates a uniform thickness for impression material
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porcelain denture teeth
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hard, esthetic, stain resistant
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if the provisional restoration itself is too high, the results may be those associated with
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trauma from occlusion
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most durable of the pre formed crowns
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stainless steel crown
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a ? provisional crown is crimped and contoured at the contact and margins with crimping and contouring pliers
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stainless steel
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why are one or two small holes usually placed in the occlusal portion of the pre formed celluloid or polymer crown form
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to allow excess resin or composite material to flow out when the crown form is seated
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? generated during the polymerization of chemical cured acrylic can potentially damage the pul or burn soft tissues
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heat
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zinc oxide provisionals should not be used if a permanent restoration is to be cemented with a ? luting agent
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resin
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if a provisional crown comes off during a time that the dental office is closed, the patient can be instructed to replace it after cleaning the interior of the crown and placing a small amount of ? into the crown
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denture adhesive
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home care instructions for a patient with a provisional restoration include
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brush and floss the restoration, but remove the floss by pulling it out to the side under the contact rather than back in an occlusal/incisal direction
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not a necessary function of a posterior provisional restoration
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esthetics
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irritation, inflammation, and recession of the gingiva, associated with a provisional restoration, is caused by
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issues with contour
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if the provisional crown does not contact the adjacent teeth, all of the following may occur
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tooth may migrate laterally, gingival irritation, food impation
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an example of a procedure requiring an intracoronal provisional restoration would be
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inlay prep
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if an anterior tooth was fractured or badly decayed before the crown preparation process, the provisional placed would be
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polycarbonate
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pre formed crowns could be used for all of the following
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anterior crown prep, posterior crown prep, fractured anterior tooth
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example of a pattern wax
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inlay wax
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sheets of baseplate wax are usually layered to
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produce the form on which denture teeth are set
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? wax is used to form the base portion of a gypsum model
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boxing
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utility wax may be used to
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adapt the periphery of an impression tray, provide a better fit into the vestibule of the impression material, cover sharp brackets and wires for orthodontic patients
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sequence for creating casting using the lost wax technique
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1. a wax pattern of the restoration is carved on the die
2. a wax or plastic sprue is attached to the pattern 3. the pattern and sprue are encased in an investment ring 4. the enclosed pattern and sprue are heated in a burnout oven at high temperatures |
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during fabrication of castings utilizing the lost wax technique, the wax pattern and attached sprue are encased in an investment ring into which ? is poured
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investment gypsum
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not a synthetic additive to dental waxes
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insects
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excess residue on a model would cause
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inaccuracies at casting
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not a delivery method for dental waxes
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sheets
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a type I inlay wax is used
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for a direct wax technique
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corrosion
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deterioration of the metal due to moisture and acid present in the oral
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tarnish
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discoloration due to oxidation of the metals surface
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galvanism environment
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electrical current between two dissimilar metals
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thermal conductivity
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the rate at which heat flows through a material
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percolation
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opening and closing of a gap between the restoration and the tooth surface
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hardness
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the resistance of a solid to penetration
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ultimate strength deformation
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the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand without
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stiffness
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resistance to deformation
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proportional limit breaking
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the greatest stress a structure can withstand without permanent
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toughness
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the ability of a material to resist fracture
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hydrophilic
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an attribute that allows a material to tolerate the presence of moisture
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hydrophobic
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an attribute that does not allow a material to tolerate or perform well in the presence of moisture
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self etch system
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a bonding system that does not use a seperate etching procedure with phosphoric acid
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hybrid layer
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a resin/dentin layer formed by the intermixing of the dentin bonding agent with collagen fibrils exposed by acid etching
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acidulated phophate fluoride (APF)
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used more often with children for in office fluoride applications using a tray 12300 ppm fluoride
acid tends to etch the surface of resin, glass ionomer, or compomer when used for in office fluoride application |
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neutral sodium fluoride (NaF)
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most often used with adults for in office fluoride applications using a tray 9000 ppm fluoride
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.4% stannous fluoride 900 ppm fluoride
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self applied topical gel that may cause some staining of the surfaces of the teeth and that delivers less fluoride ion to the teeth
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fluoride varnish 5.0% sodium fluoride than the other choice of self applied topical gel
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in office fluoride application directly to the teeth
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gamma phase
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strongest phase, silver alloy phase, least corrosion
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gamma-1 phase
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phase that consists of mercury reacting with the silver
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Aside
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In drama, a speech directed to the audience that supposedly is not audible to the other characters onstage at the time. When Hamlet first appears onstage, for example, his aside "A little more than kin, and less than kind!" gives the audience a strong sense of his alienation from King Claudius. See also soliloquy.
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Talking to someone's bAckSIDE = Talking behind someone's back
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alloy
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mixture of two or more metals
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base metal alloy
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alloy composed of non noble metals
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noble alloy
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alloy composed of metals that do not corrode readily
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high noble alloy
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alloy containing at least 60% noble metals, 40% of which must be gold
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precious metal
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classification of metal based on its high cost
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sand
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a natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
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silicon carbide
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synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
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aluminum oxide
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a synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation
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pumice
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volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
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tin oxide
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an extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
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colloid
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glue like material composed of two or more substances in which one substance does not go into solutuion but is suspended within another substance
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hydrocolloid
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a water based colloid used as an elastic impression material
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reversible hydrocolloid
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an agar impression material that can be heated to change froma gel into a fluid state that can flow around the teeth
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irreversible hydrocolloid
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an alginate impresion material that is mixed to a sol state and as it sets converts to a gel by a chemical reation the irreversibly changes its nature
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alginate
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a versatile irreversible hydrocolloid that is the most used impression material in the dental office
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casts
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hard replicas of hard and soft tissues of the patients oral cavity made from gypsum products
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dies
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replicas of the prepared teeth that are generally removable from the working cast
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diagnostic casts
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casts generally made from dental plaster or stone and used for patient education, treatment planning, and tracking of the progress of treatment
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models
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hard replicas of hard and soft tissues of the patients oral cavity made from gypsum products
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study models
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casts generally made from dental plaster or stone and used for patient education, treatment planning, and tracking of the progress of treatment
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intracoronal restoration
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a restoration within the crown of the tooth, such as an inlay
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extracoronal restoration
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a restoration that covers all or part of the external surface of the tooth and may extend over the cusp tips on facial or lingual surfaces of include the removal of cusps
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indirect fabrication
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provisional restoration made on a cast outside the patients mouth
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direct fabrication
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provisional restorations made directly inside the patients mouth
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