Material Matters: Nonmetals

Front 1

materials combined physically but not chemically

Back 1

mixture

Front 2

True or False? If false, explain why.
All gases are nonmetals.

Back 2

true

Front 3

True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are gases.

Back 3

false
A few nonmetals are solids and liquid.

Front 4

What is the composition of air?

Back 4

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.9% argon
0.1% carbon dioxide, neon, helium, krypton, water vapor, other gases

Front 5

materials that make up a substance

Back 5

composition

Front 6

fog-like haze formed by smoke and other air pollutants

Back 6

smog

Front 7

What are the room temperature nonmetal gases? (hint: 11)

Back 7

1) hydrogen 2) helium 3) nitrogen 4) oxygen 5) fluorine 6) chlorine 7) neon 8) argon 9) krypton 10) xenon 11) radon

Front 8

What are the room temperature nonmetal solids? (hint: 5)

Back 8

1) carbon 2) phosphorous 3) sulfur 4) iodine 5) astatine

Front 9

What is the room temperature nonmetal liquid? (hint: 1)

Back 9

1) bromine

Front 10

Who discovered chlorine?

Back 10

Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Front 11

How was chlorine discovered?

Back 11

Scheele put a few drops of hydrochloric acid on a piece of manganese dioxide

Front 12

substance made of different kinds of elements joined together

Back 12

compound

Front 13

not letting light pass through

Back 13

opaque

Front 14

True or False? If false, explain why.
All metals are opaque.

Back 14

true

Front 15

a form of carbon, used in pencils, lubricants, and other products

Back 15

graphite

Front 16

True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are opaque.

Back 16

false
most nonmetals that are solid are opaque

Front 17

stopping some, but not all, light from passing through

Back 17

translucent

Front 18

letting light pass through

Back 18

transparent

Front 19

What causes "the bends?"

Back 19

Nitrogen bubbles form in the body if the scuba diver surfaces too quickly. Theses bubbles can cause pain, dizziness, loss of feeling, or even death.

Front 20

True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals have lower densities than metals.

Back 20

true

Front 21

mass of a certain volume of an object

Back 21

density

Front 22

What unit is density measured in?

Back 22

grams per cubic centimeters
or
kilograms per cubic meter

Front 23

amount of matter that makes up something

Back 23

mass

Front 24

What unit is mass measured in?

Back 24

grams
or
kilograms

Front 25

How do you find the densiy of an object?

Back 25

density = mass / volume

Front 26

smallest particle of an element

Back 26

atom

Front 27

atoms of an element joined in pairs

Back 27

diatomic

Front 28

What are some diatomic gases?

Back 28

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine

Front 29

substance made of different kinds of atoms joined together

Back 29

compound

Front 30

True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals can only join with other nonmetals.

Back 30

false
Nonmetals can join with other nonmetals and metals.

Front 31

able to be hammered, rolled, or shaped without breaking

Back 31

malleable

Front 32

able to be drawn into a wire

Back 32

ductile

Front 33

True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals are malleable and ductile.

Back 33

false
Nonmetals are neither malleable nor ductile.

Front 34

True or False? If false, explain why.
All solid nonmetals are brittle.

Back 34

true

Front 35

firm, but easily broken
will break rather than bend or stretch

Back 35

brittle

Front 36

True or False? If false, explain why.
Solid nonmetals do not have a metallic luster.

Back 36

true

Front 37

shine that metals have

Back 37

luster

Front 38

True or False? If false, explain why.
Solid nonmetals look shiny.

Back 38

false
Solid nonmetals look dull.

Front 39

material that heat or electricity can easily pass through

Back 39

conductor

Front 40

True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals are not good conductors of heat and electricity.

Back 40

true

Front 41

meterial that is difficult for heat or electricity to pass through

Back 41

insulator

Front 42

True or False? If false, explain why.
Most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus.

Back 42

true

Front 43

dense, positively charged center of an atom

Back 43

nucleus

Front 44

What two particle make up the nucleus of an atom?

Back 44

protons and neutrons

Front 45

positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Back 45

proton

Front 46

uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Back 46

neutron

Front 47

tiny negatively charged particle outside the nucleus of an atom

Back 47

electron

Front 48

When is an atom neutral?

Back 48

When there is the same number of electrons and the same numbers of protons in an atom.

Front 49

an atom or group of atoms that has an extra positive or extra negative electrical charge

Back 49

ion

Front 50

substance made of only one kind of atom

Back 50

element

Front 51

What is the basic unit of an element?

Back 51

atom

Front 52

chart in which elements are grouped according to similar properties

Back 52

periodic table

Front 53

Why do all elements in a group have similar properties?

Back 53

Their electrons are arranged in similar patterns.

Front 54

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Back 54

groups

Front 55

True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are on the right-hand side of the periodic table.

Back 55

false
Except for hydrogen, all nonmetals are on the right-hand side of the periodic table.

Front 56

elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Back 56

metalloid

Front 57

How many metalloids are there and what are they?

Back 57

7 metalloids
1) boron 2) silicon 3) germanium 4) arsenic 5) selenium 6) antimony 7) tellunum

Front 58

layer of gas that surrounds the earth

Back 58

atmosphere

Front 59

What is the most common element in the universe?

Back 59

hydrogen

Front 60

Which gas has the lowest density?

Back 60

hydrogen

Front 61

True or False? If false, explain why.
Acids contain hydrogen.

Back 61

true

Front 62

The chemical reaction between an acid and a metal produces what?

Back 62

hydrogen gas

Front 63

form of carbon made from coal

Back 63

coke

Front 64

True or False? If false, explain why.
Hydrogen is not flammable.

Back 64

false
Hydrogen is very flammable. When hydrogen burns, it joins with oxygen very quickly, releasing huge amounts of heat.

Front 65

Why do you have to be careful when recharghing a car battery?

Back 65

Car batteries contain a strong acid. Recharging it produces hydrogen gas. A spark or flame near the batter can make it explode.

Front 66

poisonous gas produced as carbon burns when there is not enough oxygen

Back 66

carbon dioxide

Front 67

any material that can be burned to produce useful heat or power

Back 67

fuel

Front 68

What compound dissolves easily in water, is used in many household cleaning products, and fertilizers?

Back 68

ammonia

Front 69

chemical added to soil to help plants grow better

Back 69

fertilizer

Front 70

to mix completely and evenly

Back 70

dissolve

Front 71

compound of oxygen and another element

Back 71

oxide

Front 72

fatty substances in some food that can clog blood vessels

Back 72

cholesterol

Front 73

How is hydrogen used in foods?

Back 73

Vegetable oil is treated with hydrogen and changes from liquid to a solid, such as margarine. Since margarine has less cholestorol than butter, margarine is used as a substitute for butter.

Front 74

contamination by harmful substances in the air, in water, or on land

Back 74

pollution

Front 75

What form of hydrogen is used as rocket fuel?

Back 75

liquid hydrogen

Front 76

Although diamonds and graphite are both made of carbon, how do they differ?

Back 76

Diamond has a high density. Graphite has a low density.
In diamond, carbon atoms are packed in a tight, repeating pattern. In graphite, carbon atoms are weakly joined together in layers.

Front 77

slippery substance used to make machine parts move smoothly and easily

Back 77

lubricant