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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amoxicillin (class)
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Penicillin
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Amoxicillin (indication)
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Treatment of Gram positive bacteria
Treatment of some Gram negative bacteria |
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Amoxicillin (contraindication)
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Patients who are allergic to penicillin
Bacterial infection that is not sensitive to penicillin Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Hamsters – causes a fatal diarrhea |
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Amoxicillin (how it works)
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Beta-lactam structure that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis as they are undergoing mitosis
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Amoxicillin (adverse reactions)
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Diarrhea
Allergic reactions |
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Cephalexin (class)
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Cephalosporin
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Cephalexin (indication)
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Treatment of Gram positive bacteria
Treatment of some Gram negative bacteria |
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Cephalexin (contraindication)
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Kidney or liver disease
Bacterial infections not sensitive to cephalosporins Patients who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin |
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Cephalexin (how it works)
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Beta-lactam structure that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis as they are undergoing mitosis
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Cephalexin (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting (best given with food)
Diarrhea Kidney toxicity Allergic reactions |
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Gentamicin (class)
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Aminoglycoside
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Gentamicin (indication)
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Treatment of Gram negative bacteria
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Gentamicin (contraindication)
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Kidney disease
Dehydration |
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Gentamicin (how ti works)
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Intereferes with protein synthesis
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Gentamicin (adverse reactions)
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Kidney Toxicity
Ototoxicity (can cause deafness) |
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Doxycyline (class)
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Tetracycline
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Doxycyline (Indication)
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Treatment of Gram positive bacteria
Treatment of Gram negative bacteria Treatment of Rickettsial agents |
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Doxycyline (contraindication)
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Growing or pregnant animals (bind calcium and make yellow deposits)
Do not give with: iron supplements, antacids, kaolin, bismuth or pectin |
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Doxycyline (how it works)
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Interferes with protein synthesis
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Doxycyline (adverse reactions)
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Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal damage, anaphylaxis
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Chloramphenicol (class)
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Chloramphenicol
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Chloramphenicol (indication)
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Bacterial infections (broad spectrum)
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Chloramphenicol (contraindication)
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Food producing animals
Should not be given with: penicillin, streptomycin, or cephalosporins |
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Chloramphenicol (how it works)
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Interferes with protein synthesis
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Chloramphenicol (adverse reactions)
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Blood Dyscrasias (including bone marrow depression)
Nausea Vomiting |
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Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine (class)
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Sulfonamide
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Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine (Indication)
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Bacterial infections (broad spectrum)
Treatment of Coccidia and Toxoplasmosis |
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Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine (Contraindication)
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Purulent wounds (the drug is ineffective)
Food producing animals |
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Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine (how it works)
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Inhibits folic acid synthesis
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Sulfadiazine, Sulfadimethoxine (adverse reactions)
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Crystalluria
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Skin rashes Urticaria (hives) |
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Erythromycin (class)
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Macrolide
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Erythromycin (indication)
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Treatment of Gram positive bacteria
Penicillin resistant infections Patients that are allergic to Penicillin |
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Erythromycin (contraindication)
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Patients that are sensitive
Care when used in horses and ruminants (can develop severe diarrhea) |
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Erythromycin (how it works)
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Interferes with protein synthesis
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Erythromycin (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
Diarrhea Abdominal pain Anorexia |
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Ciprofloxacin (class)
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Fluoroquinolone
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Ciprofloxacin (indication)
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Treatment of Gram positive bacteria
Treatment of Gram negative bacteria |
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Ciprofloxacin (contraindication)
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Food producing animals – no extra-label drug use
Young, growing animals: causes cartilage damage |
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Ciprofloxacin (how it works)
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Inhibits DNA function of bacteria
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Ciprofloxacin (adverse reactions)
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Cartilage damage
GI upset Blindness in cats |
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Metronidazole (class)
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Nitroimidazole
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Metronidazole (indication)
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Anaerobic Bacteria
Giardia Trichomonas Canine Diarrhea Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Metronidazole (contraindication)
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Pregnant animals
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Metronidazole (how it works)
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Disrupts DNA and nucleic acid synthesis
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Metronidazole (adverse reactions)
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Anorexia
Nausea Vomiting Neurologic symptoms |
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Rifampin (class)
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Rifampin
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Rifampin (indication)
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Bacterial Infections-Primarily Rhodococcus equi (foals)
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Rifampin (contraindication)
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Patients sensitive to the drug
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Rifampin (how it works)
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Disrupts RNA synthesis
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Rifampin (adverse reactions)
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Causes a reddish color to urine, tears, sweat and saliva
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Clindamycin (class)
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Lincosamides
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Clindamycin (indication)
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Bacterial Infections (abscesses and dental infections)
Treatment of Gram positive bacteria Treatment of anaerobic bacteria |
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Clindamycin (contraindication)
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Renal disease
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Clindamycin (how it works)
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Interferes with protein synthesis
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Clindamycin (adverse reactions)
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Pain following injection
GI issues |
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Phenobarbital (class)
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Barbiturates
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Phenobarbital (indication)
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Seizures
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Phenobarbital (contraindication)
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Liver disease
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Phenobarbital (how it works)
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Depresses the motor center of the cerebral cortex
Impairs chemical transmission of the impulses across synpases in the brain stem |
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Phenobarbital (adverse reactions)
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Increased liver enzymes
Drowsiness Respiratory depression Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia |
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Phenobarbital (control status)
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C-IV
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Diazepam (class)
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Benzodiazepine
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Diazepam (indication)
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Control of seizures and status epilepticus
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Diazepam (contraindication)
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Liver disease
Sedations Respiratory depression |
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Diazepam (how it works)
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Increases GABA, a substance that inhibits impulse transmission in nerve cells
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Diazepam (adverse reactions)
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CNS excitement
Weakness |
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Diazepam (control status)
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C-IV
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Pentobarbital (class)
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Barbiturate
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Pentobarbital (indication)
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Seizures
Euthanasia |
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Pentobarbital (contraindication)
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Dyspnea
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Pentobarbital (how it works)
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General CNS depressant
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Pentobarbital (adverse reactions)
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Respiratory depression
Hypothermia |
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Pentobarbital (control status)
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C-II
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Primidone (class)
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Pre-barbiturate
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Primidone (indication)
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Seizures
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Primidone (contraindication)
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Dyspnea
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Primidone (how it works)
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Metabolized into Phenobarbital
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Primidone (adverse reactions)
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Ataxia
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia |
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Primidone (control status)
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None
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Gabapentin (class)
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Anticonvulsant
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Gabapentin (indication)
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Seizures
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Gabapentin (contraindication)
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Renal insufficiency
Oral solution – contains Xylitol – Toxic to dogs |
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Gabapentin (how it works)
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Inhibits calcium channels resulting in decreased excitatory neurotransmission
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Gabapentin (adverse reactions)
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Sedation
Ataxia Hepatotoxicity |
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Gabapentin (control status)
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None
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Bethanechol (class)
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Cholinergic
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Bethanechol (indication)
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Urinary Atony
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Bethanechol (contraindication)
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Bradycardia
Urinary blockage |
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Bethanechol (how it works)
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Direct stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (mimic acetylcholine)
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Bethanechol (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
Bradycardia |
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Edrophonium (class)
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Cholinergic
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Edrophonium (indcation)
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Used to diagnose Myasthenia gravis
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Edrophonium (contraindication)
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Bradycardia
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Edrophonium (how it works)
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Indirect acting cholingergic
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Edrophonium (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
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Metoclopramide (class)
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Cholinergic
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Metoclopramide (indication)
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Vomiting
Nausea Ileus Delayed gastric emptying Pylorospasm |
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Metoclopramide (contraindication)
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GI obstruction
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Metoclopramide (how it works)
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Direct acting choliniergic
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Metoclopramide (adverse reactions)
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CNS stimulation
Diarrhea |
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Neostigmine (class)
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Indirect acting chloinergic
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Neostigmine (indication)
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Rumen atony
Ileus Urine retention |
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Neostigmine (contraindication)
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None
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Neostigmine (how it works)
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Indirect-acting Cholinergic
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Neostigmine (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
Diarrhea |
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Phenoxybenzamine (class)
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Adrenergic Blocking Agents
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Phenoxybenzamine (indication)
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Detrusor Areflexia
Laminitis |
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Phenoxybenzamine (contraindication)
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Colic
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Phenoxybenzamine (how it works)
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Block Alpha and Beta receptors
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Phenoxybenzamine (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
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Insulin-Regular (class)
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Hormone, Hypoglycemic
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Insulin-Regular (indication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Insulin-Regular (contraindication)
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Low blood sugar
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Insulin-Regular (how it works)
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Replaces the body's insulin shortage
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Insulin-Regular (adverse reactions)
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Hyopglycemia
Allergic Reaction |
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Insulin-Regular (Control status)
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None
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Insulin-Regular (duration)
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Short acting (IV-1-4 hours; IM- 3-8 hours; SQ- 4-10 hours)
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Insulin-Regular (type)
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Recombinant Human
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Insulin-NPH (class)
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Hormone, Hypoglycemic
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Insulin-NPH (indication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Insulin-NPH (contraindication)
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Low blood sugar
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Insulin-NPH (how it works)
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Replaces the body's insulin shortage
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Insulin-NPH (adverse reactions)
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Hypoglycemia
Allergic Reaction |
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Insulin-NPH (control status)
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None
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Insulin-NPH (duration)
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Intermediate Acting (SQ: Dog 6-18 hours; Cat 4-12 hours)
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Insulin-NPH (Type)
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Recombinant Human
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Insulin-Lente (class)
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Hormone, Hypoglycemic
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Insulin-Lente (Indication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Insulin-Lente (contraindication)
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Low blood sugar
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Insulin-Lente (how it works)
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Replaces the body's insulin shortage
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Insulin-Lente (adverse reactions)
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Hypoglycemia
Allergic Reaction |
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Insulin-Lente (control status)
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None
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Insulin-Lente (duration)
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Intermediate acting (SQ: Dog 6-18 hours; Cat 4-12 hours)
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Insulin-Lente (type)
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Recombinant human purified pork
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Insulin-PZI (class)
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Hormone, Hypoglycemic
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Insulin-PZI (indication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Insulin-PZI (contraindication)
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Low blood sugar
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Insulin-PZI (how it works)
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Replaces the body's insulin storage
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Insulin-PZI (adverse reactions)
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Hypoglycemia
Allergic Reaction |
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Insulin-PZI (control status)
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None
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Insulin-PZI (duration)
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Long acting (SQ: Dog 6-28 hours; Cat 6-24)
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Insulin-PZI (type)
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Protamine zinc suspension; Beef-Pork
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Insulin-Glargine (class)
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Hormone, Hypoglycemic
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Insulin-Glargine (indication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Insulin-Glargine (contraindication)
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Low blood sugar
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Insulin-Glargine (how it works)
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Replaces the body's insulin shortage
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Insulin-Glargine (adverse reactions)
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Hypoglycemia
Allergic reaction |
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Insulin-Glargine (control status)
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None
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Insulin-Glargine (duration)
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Ultra-Long Acting (SQ: 18-24 hours)
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Insulin-Glargine (type)
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Recombinant Human
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Levothyroxine (class)
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Hormone, Thyroid
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Levothyroxine (indication)
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Hypothyroidism
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Levothyroxine (contraindication)
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Hyperthyroidism
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Levothyroxine (how it works)
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Replaces T4
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Levothyroxine (adverse reactions)
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Tachhycardia
Hyperthyroidism |
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Levothyroxine (control status)
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None
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (class)
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Hormone
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (indication)
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Hyperadrenocorticism
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (contraindication)
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Normal-Low Adrenal Function
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (how it works)
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Decreases production of Cortisol from the Adrenal Gland
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (adverse reactions)
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Hypoglycemia
Hypoadrenacortism Vomiting |
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Mitotane (o,p’-DDD) (control status)
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None
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Phenylpropanolamine (class)
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Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist
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Phenylpropanolamine (indication)
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Urinary Incontinence
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Phenylpropanolamine (contraindication)
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Hypertension
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Phenylpropanolamine (how it works)
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Increases urethral tone
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Phenylpropanolamine (adverse reactions)
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Anorexia
Restlessness Hypertension |
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Phenylpropanolamine (control status)
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None
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (class)
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Hormone; Estrogen
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (indication)
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Urinary Incontinence-Hormone Responsive
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (contraindication)
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Estrogen responsive tumors
Bone marrow issues |
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (how it works)
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Replaces depleted estrogen stores, especially post spay
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (adverse reactions)
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Bone marrow suppression
Endometrial Hyperplasia |
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Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (control status)
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None
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Testosterone (class)
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Hormone; Androgen
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Testosterone (indication)
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Urinary Incontinence-Hormone Responsive
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Testosterone (contraindication)
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Aggression
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Testosterone (how it works)
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Replaces depleted Testosterone
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Testosterone (adverse reactions)
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Prostate Disorders
Behavioral changes, especially aggression |
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Testosterone (control status)
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None
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Methimazole (class)
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Antithyroid
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Methimazole (indication)
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Hyperthyroidism
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Methimazole (contraindication)
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Normal Thyroid
Bone Marrow Issues |
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Methimazole (how it works)
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Interfere with the incorporation of Iodine into T3 and T4
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Methimazole (adverse reactions)
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Vomiting
Anorexia Lethargy |
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Methimazole (control status)
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None
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Megastrol Acetate (class)
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Progestin
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Megastrol Acetate (indication)
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Postpone estrus
Alleviate false pregnancies Treat behavioral problems (cats) Treat skin problems |
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Megastrol Acetate (contraindication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Megastrol Acetate (how it works)
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Mimics progesterone
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Megastrol Acetate (adverse reactions)
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Hyperglycemia (Diabetes mellitus)
Adrenal Cortex suppression |
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Megastrol Acetate (control status)
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None
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Medroxyprogesterone (class)
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Progestin
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Medroxyprogesterone (indication)
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Postpone estrus
Alleviate false pregnancies Treat behavioral problems (cats) Treat skin problems |
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Medroxyprogesterone (contraindication)
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Diabetes mellitus
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Medroxyprogesterone (how it works)
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Mimics progesterone
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Medroxyprogesterone (adverse reactions)
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Pyometra
Mammary changes Behavior changes |
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Medroxyprogesterone (control status)
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None
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