Massage Therapy 1 - Class 2

Front 1

Define Classic Western Massage

Back 1

is a form of soft tissue manipulation and related techniques developed in Europe and the United States over the past 200 years.

Front 2

List three general effects of therapeutic massage

Back 2

1) Muscle relaxation
2) Increased alertness
3) Reduced anxiety
4) Releases endorphins

Hint 2

refer to the changes that occur in the body, mind and emotions of the client during the massage

Front 3

Name the five categories of Classic Western Massage movements and define each movement

Back 3

1) Effleurage - slide and glide motion over the skin. Applied with light or heavy pressure.
2) Petrissage - kneading, rolling, picking up, squeezing, and wringing movements.
3) Friction - apply pressure across the fibers of the tissue or in a circular motion.
4) Tapotement - brisk alternating blows that follow each other in a rapid motion
5) Vibration - movements that loosely shake the tissue

Front 4

List three effects of light effleurage, three effects of deep effleurage, and three effects of petrissage"

Back 4

a. LIGHT EFFLEURAGE
1) Apply & distribute lubricant
2) Accustom the receiver to the touch of the giver
3) Assessment of tissues
b. DEEP EFFLEURAGE
1) Promotes metabolic waste removal
2) Improves circulation
3) Promotes general relaxation
4) Promotes muscle flexibility
c. PETRISSAGE
1) Brings oxygen to the blood
2) Helps stretch and loosen adhesions
3) Improves the functional activity of the skin. Sweat & oil glands

Front 5

Describe the difference between local and general contradictions

Back 5

a. General contradictions is a condition or situation that makes receiving a message inadvisable because of the harm it may do. Example, fever, impetigo
b. Whereas a local contradiction involves a specific area of the body that should not be massaged.

Front 6

Know the categories of general precautions for massage therapy

Back 6

a. Acute inflammation
b. Areas of abnormal sensation
c. Bleeding
d. Compromised immune system
e. Disorders of the circulatory system
f. Loss of structural integrity of an area
g. Pathologic conditions that can be spread along the skin, through the lymph, or through the bloodstream.

Front 7

List five principles of good body mechanics

Back 7

1) Get grounded, stretch & relax tension
2) Breath
3) Stay in the "zone"
4) Shoulders, arms and feet relaxed as stroke is performed
5) Pay attention to your body signals.

Front 8

Demonstrate Petrissage techniques on the back

Back 8

a. Energy Hold
b. Effleurage to the Back
c. Bi-Lateral Kneading of Trapezius (lunge on one knee)
d. Alternate Thumb Kneading to Traps (shoulder muscles)
e. Alternate Fingertip Kneading to Traps (Mini Pull-ups)
f. Neck Squeeze
g. Scapular Petrissage (picking up of tissue around scapular, various arm positions)
h. Kneading the Erector Spinea (thumbs/fist along erector spinae from sacrum to occiput)
i. Two-Handed Circular Kneading
j. Stretching the Back w/ Forearms
k. Rocking the Gluteal Muscles
l. Effleurage of Gluteal Muscles
m. Palmar Effleurage to Gluteal Muscles
n. Hip Petrissage Skin Friction to Back
o. Rocking the Gluteal Muscles
p. Effleurage to the Back
q. Energy Hold

Front 9

Skull

Back 9

the bony framework of the head, enclosing the brain and supporting the face; the skeleton of the head. Made up of 22 bones.

Front 10

Skull

Back 10

the bony framework of the head, enclosing the brain and supporting the face; the skeleton of the head. Made up of 22 bones.

Front 11

Cervical Spine (7)

Back 11

are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull and are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery. The portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae.

Front 12

Atlas

Back 12

(C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine.
It is named for the Atlas of mythology, because it supports the globe of the head.
The atlas is the topmost vertebra, and – along with the Axis – forms the joint connecting the skull and spine. The atlas and axis are specialized to allow a greater range of motion than normal vertebrae.

Front 13

Axial

Back 13

(C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus.
It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates.

Front 14

Thoracic Spine (12)

Back 14

compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. The portion of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae.

Front 15

Thoracic Spine (12)

Back 15

compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. The portion of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae.

Front 16

Thoracic Spine (12)

Back 16

compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. The portion of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae.

Front 17

Lumbar Spine (5)

Back 17

are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. The portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae.

Front 18

Sacrum

Back 18

the large, triangular bone at the dorsal part of the pelvis, inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. The base of the sacrum connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and its apex connects with the coccyx; various muscles attach to its spinal crest. Shorter and wider in women than in men.

Front 19

Vertebra / Vertebrae

Back 19

any one of the 26 the spinal column comprising the 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. The vertebrae are much alike and are composed of a body, an spinous process for muscle attachment, and pairs of pedicles and processes. The first cervical vertebra is called the atlas and has no vertebral body. The second cervical vertebra is called the axis and forms the pivot on which the atlas rotates, permitting the head to turn. The body of the axis also extends into a strong, bony process (the dens).

Front 20

Spinous Process (the backbone)

Back 20

a slender projection from the back of a vertebra to which muscle/ligaments attach.

Front 21

Transverse Process

Back 21

two in number, project at either side of a vertebra from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular process. Also serve as attachments of muscle/ligaments.

Front 22

Ribs

Back 22

thin, flat, curved bones that form a protective cage around the organs in the upper body. They are comprised of 24 bones arranged in 12 pairs. These bones are divided into three categories:
1) True ribs (7) - connected to the backbone/spine and the breastbone or sternum in the front
2) False ribs (3) - connected to the backbone/spine and the lowest true rib in front
3) Floating ribs (2) - connected to the backbone/spine but nothing in front
• They protect the heart and lungs from injuries and shocks that might damage them. Ribs also protect parts of the stomach, spleen, and kidneys. The ribs also help you breathe. As you inhale, the muscles in between the ribs lift the rib cage up allowing the lungs to expand. When you exhale the rib cage moves down again, squeezing the air out of your lungs.

Front 23

Scapula (shoulder blade)

Back 23

is one of a pair of large flat triangular bones that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. It has two surfaces, three borders, and three angles.

Front 24

Anatomical Position

Back 24

the body is assumed to be standing, the feet together, the arms to the side, the head and eyes and palms of the hands facing forwards.

Front 25

Superior

Back 25

structures that lie toward the head or top

Front 26

Inferior

Back 26

structures that lie toward the bottom or away from the head

Front 27

Anterior

Back 27

structures lying in front of the body or of another. Ex. The tip of the nose is superior to the lips while the chin is inferior to both.

Front 28

Posterior

Back 28

structures lying behind of another, back of body. Ex. The ear is posterior to the cheek and the cheek is anterior to the ear.

Front 29

Medial

Back 29

toward midline of body

Front 30

Lateral

Back 30

away from midline of body

Front 31

Supine

Back 31

lying face up

Front 32

Prone

Back 32

lying face down

Front 33

Midline

Back 33

imaginary line that divides the body into left and right portions of the same size

Front 34

Axial Skeleton

Back 34

the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs. The purpose is to protect the body's most vital organs.

Front 35

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 35

make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. The word appendicular means referring to an appendage or anything attached to a major part of the body, such as the upper and lower extremities.

Front 36

Superficial

Back 36

near the body's surface

Front 37

Deep

Back 37

away from the body's surface

Front 38

Deep

Back 38

away from the body's surface

Front 39

Palmar

Back 39

anterior on the hand

Front 40

Dorsal

Back 40

posterior on the hand

Front 41

Plantar

Back 41

inferior surface of the foot

Front 42

Dorsal

Back 42

superior surface of the foot

Front 43

Proximal

Back 43

nearest to the centre, to the midline, or to the point
of attachment. The opposite of distal

Front 44

Distal

Back 44

furthest from the centre, to the midline, or to the point of
Attachment. The opposite of proximal.

Front 45

Planes of reference

Back 45

help orient the position of structures.

Front 46

Process

Back 46

bump on a bone

Front 47

Lattis

Back 47

side

Front 48

Dorsi

Back 48

back

Front 49

Transverse

Back 49

horizontal

Front 50

Superficial

Back 50

pertaining to the surface

Front 51

Erector Spinae

Back 51

arises from the anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon, which is attached to the medial crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumbar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebræ, and the supraspinal ligament, to the back part of the inner lip of the iliac crests and to the lateral crests of the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin of the Glutæus maximus.
The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass which splits, in the upper lumbar region into three columns, viz., a lateral, the Iliocostalis, an intermediate, the Longissimus, and a medial, the Spinalis.

Front 52

Rhomboids Major

Back 52

the Rhomboid Major is a muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. The rhomboid major arises from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2 to T5 as well as the supraspinous ligament. It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle.
The rhomboid major is considered a superficial back muscle. It is deep to the trapezius, and is located directly inferior to the rhomboid minor. As the word rhomboid suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped. The major in its name indicates that it is the larger of the two rhomboids.

Front 53

Rhomboideus minor

Back 53

arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchæ and from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebræ.

It is inserted into the vertebral border (aka the medial border) near the point that it meets the spine of the scapula. It is usually separated from the Rhomboideus major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united. The Rhomboideus minor is superior to the Rhomboideus major.

Front 54

Latissimus dorsi

Back 54

s the large, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the spinotrapezius on its median dorsal region.

Front 55

Trapezius

Back 55

a large superficial muscle on a person's back.
The two Trapezius muscles together resemble a trapezium, or diamond-shaped quadrangle: two angles corresponding to the shoulders; a third to the occipital protuberance; and the fourth to the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra.

Front 56

Levator scapula

Back 56

is situated at the back and side of the neck.

Front 57

Gluteus Maximus

Back 57

is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It arises from the posterior gluteal line of the ilium, and the rough portion of bone including the crest, immediately above and behind it; from the posterior surface of the lower part of the sacrum and the side of the coccyx; from the aponeurosis of the sacrospinalis, the sacrotuberous ligament, and the fascia (gluteal aponeurosis) covering the gluteus medius. The fibers are directed obliquely downward and lateralward;

Front 58

Gluteus Medius

Back 58

one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integumen

Front 59

Quadratus Lumborum

Back 59

a quadrilateral-shaped muscle of the abdomen that arises from the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament, inserts into the lowest rib and the upper four lumbar vertebrae, and functions especially to flex the trunk laterally

Front 60

Deltoid muscle

Back 60

a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm.
It arises in three distinct sets of fibers:[1]
• Anterior fibres: from the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle
• Middle fibres: from the lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion
• Posterior fibres: from the lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula, as far back as the triangular surface at its medial end .