Mass Comm Final

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Interpersonal Communication

Back 1

A method of communication in which one person (or group) interacts with another person (or group) without the aid of a mechanical device.

Face-to-face

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Machine–assisted Interpersonal Communication

Back 2

A method of communication involving one or more person and a mechanical device (or devices) with one or more receivers.

Device needed.

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Mass Communication

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The process by which a complex organization, wth the aid of one or more machines, produces and transmits public messages at large, heterogenous, and scattered audiences.

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Medium/Media

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the channel where a message travels from source to receiver. (media is plural)

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Gatekeeper

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Individuals who decide whether a given message will be distributed by a mass medium.

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Beware Surveillance

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A media function that occurs when the media inform the public of short-term, long-term, or chronic threats.

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Instrumental Surveillance

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A media function that occurs when the media transmit information that is useful and helpful in every day life.

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Conversational Currency

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Topic material presented by the media that provides a common ground for social conversations.

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Martin Cooper

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Invented cell phone for motorola in 1973. Tested prototypes by calling motorola's competition on the street.

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3 Most Popular Uses of Internet

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World Wide Web \nEmail\nApps – computer program designed for mobile devices

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Political Press

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During American Revolution most newspapers were partisan to crown or colonies: developed concept of political press.

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Penny Press

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Associated with Benjamin Day. Papers that tried to appeal to masses with broader story topics (violence, sex, human interests, etc.) and lower cost (1 cent per issue)

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Muckrakers

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Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt to describe reform movement supported by press in 1890s.Journalists who exposed corrupt business and politicians.Made popular by Ida Turbell

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Legacy of Books

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Least mass of mass media: took 40 years to sell 20 million copies of "Gone With The Wind", but 50 million watched the movie when it came on TV.Oldest and most enduring medium (today students still prefer print version of textbooks).

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FM Radio

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Frequency modulated

Developed by Edwin Howard Armstrong.In mid-1930s, Armstrong demonstrated FM radio to his friend, David Sarnoff, the head of RCA. Sarnoff was interested in promoting TV, and was uninterested in FM radio and its technical advantages.By 1940, Armstrong sol the rights to manufacture FM radio to several companies.

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Legacy of Radio

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Portability - most listening happens during commute times, known as drive times from 6am-10am and 4pm-7pm.Supplemental - listening happens while doing something else (generally)Selective - different programs for different interests.

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Victrola

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Developed in 1906 by Victor Talking Machine Company (Founded by Emile Berliner). Gramophone disk player designed to look like a piece of furniture.

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Citizen Kane

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1941: Stars Orson Wells. Loosely based on William Randolph Hearst's life. Hearst as so unhappy about this movie, he did not allow any of his papers to feature anything about the movie. Some critics considered best American film ever made.

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Satellite Television Ownership

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2 major providers: DirectTV (AT&T) and Dish

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Time Shifting

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Came about with VCRAct of playing programs at times other than when they aired.

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3 Types of TV Advertisements

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1. Local Ads2. National Advertisers - general consumption items (Super Bowl commercial, etc.)3. National Sport Ads - national companies use products used in specific regions (snowmobiles, farm equipment, etc.)

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Social Responsibility Theory

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Press in US guided by.The belief that the press has a responsibility to preserve democracy by properly informing the public and by responding to society's needs.

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5 Elements Of News

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1.Timeliness 2.Proximity 3.Prominence 4.Consequence 5.Human Interest

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Timeliness

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Includes a new story, fresh angle, or recent development

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Proximity

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Happens nearby or has local ties

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Prominence

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Involved someone well-known, famous, or adjacent to them. The more important a person, the more valuable they are as a new source.

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Consequence

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Affects a lot of people.

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Human Interest

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Bizarre, uplifting, or dramatic.

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3 Types of News Stories

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1.Hard News 2.Soft News 3.Investigative Reports

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Hard News

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The "vegetables" of news. News if important public events (government action, international happenings) Who? What? When? Why? Where?

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Soft News

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Feature stories. The "junk food" of news. Appeal to human interest element of news. Could be profile about someone interesting or animal stories. Can be sacrificed for hard news.

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Investigative Reports

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"Modern day muckraking" Uncovering information about matter of public importance. Stories require a great deal of time and money. (Longer than a typical hard news story.)

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Inverted Pyramid

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Print/online form of a story. Important information goes at the beginning.

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Three Keys to Crisis Management

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1. Terminate Crisis 2. Limit damage 3. Restore credibility

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Purpose of Ads

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Specific products/services to improve company's image or to influence public opinion. Includes primary demand, selective demand, direct action, and indirect action.

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Primary Demand Ad

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Promotes a particular product category rather than a specific brand.

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Selective Demand

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Promotes specific brand.

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Direct Ad

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Offers phone number, website, coupon, etc. to see results quickly.

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Indirect Ad

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Works to build a company's image and increase consumer image.

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Ad Campaign

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Large number of ads stressing same major theme. First step is to determine target audience.

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Viral Advertising

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Describes compelling, funny, or suggestive messages that people willingly share (usually through social media).

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Spam

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Unsolicited commercial email. Accounts for 85% of email messages.

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Ethics

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Rules of conduct or principles of morality. Ethics and other informal controls (internal media policies or outside pressure) can influence a media professional's actions.

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Boosterism

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A pro-community philosophy that can cause not-so-good news to go unreported (or at least be buried on a page deep inside newspaper.)

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Standards and Practices Departments

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Determine whether content is acceptable for TV or not.

Pay channels (HBO, Cinemax) have more liberal standards than regular cable channels.

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DVR and family life

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80% of marries couples claimed that DVR improved their relationship 81% of respondents with children said the DVR improved their family life.