Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Families of orientation
|
Families in which you are born and raised
|
|
|
Families of procreation
|
Families you create
|
|
|
Social class (SES)
|
Social Economic Status
education/respect/income/popularity |
|
|
extended family/consanguine
|
aunts/uncles/grandparents/cousins
|
|
|
nuclear family/aconjugal
|
mom and dad families
|
|
|
marriage
|
legally sanctioned relationship
|
|
|
endogamy
|
2 or more who marry, share same status
|
|
|
exogamy
|
2 or more who marry outside social category
religion/education/race/age |
|
|
Monogamy
|
Marrying one other person
|
|
|
serial Monogamy
|
Monogamy-divorce-remarriage
|
|
|
Polygamy
|
marrying 2 or more people
|
|
|
Polygyny
|
marrying 2 or more females
|
|
|
Polyandry
|
marrying 2 or more males
|
|
|
Patrilocality
|
with/near husbands family
|
|
|
Matrilocality
|
with/near wifes family
|
|
|
Neolocality
|
away from both families
|
|
|
Descent
|
How members of a society trace kinship over generations
Importance includes passing on property & recognition as a family member |
|
|
Patrilineal
|
tracing kinship through father
|
|
|
Matrilineal
|
tracing kinship through mother
|
|
|
Bilateral
|
tracing kinship through both
|
|
|
Perspectives of Current Family situation
|
Fam is deteriorating
Fam is changing Fam is stronger |
|
|
Macro-Level Influences on Fam
|
Economic Forces
Technological Innovations Popular Culture (TV,Radio...) Social Movements Family Policies |
|
|
Assimilation
|
conformity to the majority
|
|
|
Cultural Pluralism
|
keeping most of your own cultural
|
|
|
Acculturation
|
adapting some aspects of dominant culture while maintaining aspects of your own.
|
|
|
racial groups
|
group of people that share physical characteristics
|
|
|
ethnic groups
|
set of people hat identify with a certain nation or cultur
|
|
|
African American Families
|
strong kinship bonds, ability to adapt family roles to outside pressures, strong work ethic, religious
highest Infant Death rate in USA most likely to face violence on a daily basis median fam income lowest |
|
|
American Indian Families
|
children are taught to respect elders "badge of honor"
Suicide rates are high Alcohol related violence very common |
|
|
Latino Families
|
Machismo-concept of masculinity
Marianismo-concept of woman being like virgin Mary |
|
|
Asian American Families
|
lots have 6 or more members in fam
Often times father head of house (except Filipino) Sometimes practice arranged marriages |
|
|
Middle Eastern Families
|
high % of mother and father families for kids
Gender roles mother "is good wife" father bread winner |
|
|
Interracial Families
|
Latinos males, American Indian, Asian American women are most likely to marry out
|
|
|
sexual orientation
|
preference for sexual partner
|
|
|
Homosexualas
|
sexually attracted to people of same sex
|
|
|
Heterosexuals
|
sexually attracted to people of opposite sex
|
|
|
Bisexual
|
attracted to both sexes
|
|
|
Asexuals
|
Lack any Interest in or desire for sex
|
|
|
Heterosexism
|
belief that it is superior to anything else
|
|
|
Transgendered
|
2% are t.g.
|
|
|
Transsexuals
|
people who are one sex but choose to live life as member of the other sex
|
|
|
Intersexual
|
people whose medical diagnosis at birth is not clearly male or female
|
|
|
Transvestite
|
ppl who cross dress at times but don't necessarily consider themselves a member of opposite sex
|
|
|
sexual script
|
specifies formal or informal norms for legitimate or unacceptable sexual behavior, what partners, boundaries of sexual behavior
|
|
|
Race and sexual script
|
Latinos-good women don't desire sex men-expected to be passionate
Black-woman sex only in love 77% Men only 44 Whit-begin having sex later, engage in larger variety |
|
|
sexual double standard
|
sex outside of marriage ok for men not for women
|
|
|
How do you learn about sex
|
Parent- Black h, Asian l
Media- Asian h, White l Friends- White h, Latino l Sex edu- Asian h, White l Bro&Sis- Black h, Asian l |
|
|
Autoeroticism
|
arousal of sexual feeling with out an external stimulus
|
|
|
Menopause
|
cessation of menstrual cycle
50s |
|
|
Perimenopause
|
precedes menopause, 40s
|
|
|
male climacteric
|
Testosterone production declines with age
|
|
|
Macro reasons for infidelity
|
Economic problems (unemployment)
Change of purpose of marriage Anonymity of urban life live longer greater opportunity for infidelity technology |
|
|
Micro reasons for infidelity
|
Need for emotional satisfaction
loneliness ego-enhancer social exchange revenge or retaliation way out of marriag |
|
|
Homoshobia
|
fear of homosexuals
|
|
|
STDs, STIs
|
Sexual transmitted diseases
Sexual transmitted infections |
|
|
Chlamydia
|
most wide spread STI
Silent epidemic Can cause infertility |
|
|
Gonorrhea
|
2nd wide spread STI
develops into PID Baby with it can become blind |
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
|
result in infertility in women life threatening pregnancy
|
|
|
Syphilus
|
not very high percentages
|
|
|
Macro reason why STI spreading
|
aren't informed
assimilation increases behavior poverty spreads disease |
|
|
Micro reason why STI spreading
|
know less than think the do
"it wont happen to me" attitudes and behavior don't always mesh Some people lie Heterosexual women very vulnerable |
|
|
Dating
|
process of meeting people socially for mate selection
|
|
|
filter theorie
|
sift eligible people according to specific crieria and thus narrow the pool
Propinquity highest importance |
|
|
Homogamy
|
dating/marrying someone with same social characteristics
|
|
|
propinquity
|
Geographical closeness, first filter
|
|
|
Hypergamy
|
marrying up to improve ones social group
|
|
|
Hypogamy
|
marrying down in social class
|
|
|
equity theory
|
both partners see it as equitable and mutually beneficial
|
|
|
positive reasons for getting married
|
Love and Companionship
Children Adult Identity Commitment and Personal Fulfillment Continuity and Permanence |
|
|
negative reasons for getting married
|
social legitimacy
social pressure economic security rebellion or revenge practical solution to a problem |
|
|
conflict-habituated marriage
|
fight verbally and physically don't see it as a reason for divorce
|
|
|
devitalized marriage
|
were deeply in love over time deal with each other out of obligation rather than love
|
|
|
passive-congenial marriage
|
partners have a low emotional investment in the marriage and few expectations of each other
|
|
|
vital marriage
|
partners lives are closely entwined
|
|
|
What's important in a successful marriage
|
Compatibility-personality
Flexibility-able to adjust to differences Positive attitudes-partners are good friends better marriage Communication and Conflict Resolution Emotional Support |
|
|
Selection Effect
|
Healthy people marry healthy people
|
|
|
Protection effect
|
marriage makes you healthier
emotional, social, physical support lessening depression, reducing anxiety |
|
|
Marital burnout
|
gradual deterioration of love
|
|
|
Marital roles
|
specific ways in which married couples define their behavior and structure their time
|
|
|
identity bargaining
|
partners negotiate adjustments th their new roles as husband and wife
gender best predictor of role |
|
|
The U-Shaped Curve
|
1 honeymoon
2 kids (strain) 3 kids leave |
|
|
Self-disclosure
|
telling another person about oneself and one's thoughts and feeling with expectation that truly open communication will follow
|
|
|
Woman's speech
|
different type of talking
use it to understand, establish equality, conversational |
|
|
Men's speech
|
men use it as instrument
problem solving exerting control |
|
|
Communication Problems
|
Not Listening
Not Responding to the issue at hand Blaming, Criticizing, Nagging Scapegoating (they should change not I) Coercion or Contempt Silent Treatment |
|
|
Power and Conflict in Relationship
|
spouse with more resources more power
spouse with least interest more power |
|
|
What do couples fight about
|
Money
Housework Fidelity Children Privacy |
|
|
How do you cope with Conflict
|
Submission
Compromise Standoff Withdrawal |
|
|
Benefits of having Kids
|
being in love with child
happier than ever pleasure to watch them grow bring fulfillment |
|
|
Cost of having Kids
|
20% of earnings on kids
most money goes into housing Mommy tax: unpaid work emotional costs, stress parents relationship decrease |
|
|
postpartum depression
|
depression after birth
chemical imbalance-sudden drop of estrogen |
|
|
Fertility
|
# of live births in population
declining steadily |
|
|
Macro reasons for decrease in Fertility
|
birth control
lower mortality rates |
|
|
Micro reasons for decrease in Fertility
|
our decision
-how often sex -yes/no birth control -yes/no abortion |
|
|
Relative income
|
persons earning potential compared to desired standard of living
|
|
|
race-highest birth rate
|
Latino
|
|
|
Birth rates-world
|
highest Africa
lowest East Europe |
|
|
Infant mortality rate
|
# of babies who die under one year of age.
Africa #1 |
|
|
Why are most postponing Parenthood MICRO
|
switching jobs
single woman don't want kids don't want nannies or child care save money women want to work before kids |
|
|
Why are most postponing Parenthood MACRO
|
high unemployment rates
living with parents high divorce rate reduced worry for womans biological clock US bad family leave and national child care progrms |
|
|
Infertility
|
disability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex
|
|
|
Female infertility
|
poor nutrition, chronic illness, drug abuse, psychological stress, STIs: PID, Chlaydia, endometriosis, low body weight
|
|
|
Male infertility
|
Chemical pollution, injuries to testicles or scrotum, mumps, alcohol, marijuana, narcotic drugs, prescription medication, heat-underwear, hot tubs
|
|
|
Adoptions
|
8% of all children in US are adopted
|
|
|
Artificial Insemination
|
semen introduced artificially into woman
|
|
|
Fertility Drugs
|
most used
medication that stimulates ovaries to produce eggs |
|
|
assisted reproductive technology
|
general term that includes all treatment or procedures that involve the handling of human eggs and sperm to establish a pregnancy
|
|
|
In Vitro Fertilization
|
surgically removing eggs, fertilizing them in dish with sperm from husband, and planting them back in
|
|
|
Prenatal Testing
|
Procedure enables doctors to identify genetic diseases in the embryo
|
|
|
Highest births to unmarried women
|
Black h
Asian l |
|
|
Autonomous fathers
|
seek freedom from family
|
|
|
theory of the Social Self
|
George Herbert Mead
saw self as the basis of humanity that develops as a result of social interaction infant is a tabula rasa |
|
|
Cognitive Development Theory
|
Jean Piaget
interested in child's efforts to understand the world, learn how to adapt and develop an independent identity pass through same 4 stages at similar ages |
|
|
Theory of Development
|
Erik Erikson
encompasses entire life span eight stages where developing person faces specific challenges |
|
|
Authoritarian
|
demanding, rigid, punitive
low support, high control |
|
|
Permissive Parenting
|
warm, responsive, undemanding
want to keep the piece Low control, high support |
|
|
Authoritative Parenting
|
demanding, impose rules and standards of behavior, but they are also responsive and supportive
High control, high support |
|
|
Uninvolved Parenting
|
low support, low control
|
|
|
Child care patterns
|
black parents most likely to use child care
High income fams are more likely to use child care |
|
|
Wealth
|
money that a family owns
|
|
|
Income
|
amount of money a person receives through wages or salaries
|
|
|
where is all the money
|
top 1% 1/3 of entire wealth
lowest 50% only 3% of wealth |
|
|
Absolute poverty
|
not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life
|
|
|
Relative poverty
|
inability to maintain an average standard of living.
|
|
|
poverty line
|
minimum level of income that the government considers necessary for individuals' and families' basic subsistences
|
|
|
FMLA
|
Family and Medical Leave Policies
can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid annual leave |
|
|
Programs for Poor Families
|
PRWORA
|
