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Nonsampling Error
-all errors in a survey except those attributable to to the sample plan and sample size
Nonsampling Error Examples
-non response error
-data-gathering errors
-data-handling errors
-data-analysis errors
-interpretation errors
Intentional Fieldwork Error
-cheating
-leading respondents
Unintentional Fieldwork Error
-interviewer characteristics
-misunderstandings
-fatigue
Intentional Respondent Error
-falsehoods
-non response
Unintentional Respondent Error
-misunderstandings
-guessing
-attention loss
-distractions
-fatigue
Control Mechanisms for Intentional Fieldwork Error
-supervision
-validation
Control Mechanisms for Unintentional Fieldwork Error
-selection and training of interviewers
-orientation sessions and role playing
-breaks
Control Mechanisms for Intentional Respondent Error
-ensure anonymity
-incentive
-validation checks
-third person technique
Control Mechanisms for Unintentional Respondent Error
-direct questions
-well drafted questionnaire
-response options ex. unsure
Data Collection Errors with Online Surveys
-multiple submissions
-bogus respondents and responses
-population misrepresentation
Three Types of Nonresponse with Surveys
-refusals
-break-off (stops in middle)
-item omission (skips)
Reducing Nonresponse Error
-advance notification
-monetary incentives
-follow-up contacts
CASRO Response Rate Formula
-number of completes over number of eligible units in sample
Adjusting Results to Reduce the Effects of Nonresponse Error
-weighted average
-oversampling
What to Look for in Questionnaire Inspection
-incomplete questionnaire
-nonresponse
-yea-or-nay (responds one way regardless of question)
-middle-of-the-road (no opinion)
-unreliable (not consistent)