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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sponges-Phylum?
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Phylum Porifera
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jellyfish-phylum?
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Phylum Cnidaria
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anemone-phylum?
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Phylum Cnidaria
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coral-phylum?
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Phylum Cnidaria
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flatworms-phylum?
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
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what phylum includes animals that are sessile & inhabit hard bottoms & built around a system of water canals?
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Phylum Porifera
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What are the 3 body plans of sponges (from simplest to complex)?
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1-asconoid, 2-syconoid, 3-levconoid
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Water flows in through _______ and then pumped out ________
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ostia, osculum
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In sponges, what are the cells shaped like donuts that provide the channel needed for water to flow in?
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porocytes
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What are the 3 layers of Asconoid sponges?
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outermost-pinacoderm, middle-mesohyl, innermost-flagellated
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What layer of an asconoid sponge consists of pinacocytes?
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Pinacoderm
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What layer of an asconoid sponge consists collagen & ameboid cells?
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mesohyl
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What layer of an asconoid sponge consists of choanocytes?
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Flagellated
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What are the 2 functions of choanocytes?
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1-move H20 through sponge, 2-obtain food (They generate water current)
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What body plan works only for small sponges? And why?
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Asocnoid b/c they do not get enough food by this this filtration method. The best way is to circulate more through more surface area.
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What body plan for sponges has more surface area on the incurrent canals & has prosopyles?
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syconoid
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What body plan is used the most for sponges & includes a flagellated area that is broken into a very complicated canal chamber?
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Leuconoid
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What is the name of this internal architecutre when the body is hollow & contains a lot of holes where water flows in & then flows out he top?
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tubular
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What internal architecture has no major hole on top, no hollow area & water enters through small holes & then exits through the nearest big hole?
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solid
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What are the defenses of sponges?
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chemical defenses & spicules
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What is the name of the animal that predates on sponges, specifically silicious spicules?
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Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys)
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What are the asexual reproduction methods used by sponges?
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(1)budding & (2)gemmules (the parent casts off a pack of cells [gemmules])
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What are the sexual reproduction methods used by sponges?
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(1)external fertilization, (2)sexual hermaphrodites (might start off making sperm & then later produce eggs), (3)dioecious-means that both sexes exist
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What are the 3 classes of phylum porifera?
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Class Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida
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Which class has CaCO3 spicules?
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Class Calcarea
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Which class of Phylum Porifera includes all 3 body plans?
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Class Calcarea
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Which class of Phylum Porifera contains only leuconoid sponges?
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Class Demospongiae
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Which class of Phylum Porifera normally consists of silicious spicules?
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Class Demospongiae
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Which class of Phylum Porifera consists of tubular sponges?
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Class Hexactinellida
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What phylum has the characteristics: internal space for digestion, GVC opens, mouth encircled by tentacles, radial symmetry, body wall (3 layers), diploblastic, limited organ development & nematocysts?
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Phylum Cnidaria
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What class/phylum includes animals characterized as: cubicle shaped, normally w/4 tentacles, complex eyes and very small?
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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Cubozoa
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What are the components of a box jelly or sea wasp sting?
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neurotoxin that blocks calcium (affects myocardial membrane), neurotoxin that affects brain which suppresses breathing, and ruptures RBC's
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What class/phylum includes animals characterized as: entirely polypoid and with approx. 6000 species?
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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa
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What are the 2 subclasses of Anthozoans?
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Zoantharia (Hexacorallia) & Alcyonaria (Octocorallia)
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What are the 2 orders of the subclass Zoantharia?
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Actiniara & Scleractinia
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What are the 2 orders of the subclass Alcyonaria?
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Order Gorgonacea & Pennatulacea
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What is the taxonomy of soft coral?
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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, Subclass Alcyonaria
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What creature has a completely hollow body?
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anemones
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On anemones, what is the name of the body stalk?
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column
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On anemones, what is the name of the structure that helps it walk very slowly?
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pedal disk
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On anemones, where is the mouth located?
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pharynx
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Is the mesoglea thick/thin in anemones?
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thin
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On anemones, what is the name of the cilliated tract that becomes inactive when water is expunged?
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siphonoglyph
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On anemones, what is the name of the structure that when contracted allows creature to shrink?
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refractor muscles
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On anemones, what is the name of the structure found in some anemones that is used for larger prey capture?
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acontial filaments
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What does the anemone rely on when waiting for food to come in contact w/tentacles?
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waves
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Anemones are mainly carnivores but some have photosynthetic properties. What are they?
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zooxanthellae, zoochlorellae
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Which of the photosynthetic properties are dinoflagellates?
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zooxanthellae
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Which of the photosynthetic properties are green algae?
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zoochlorellae
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What are 2 examples of symbiotic relationships in dealing w/anemones?
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w/crabs & clownfish. Anemones provide protection. Crabs provide food. Clownfish provides cleaning.
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What is a method of asexual reproduction of anemones?
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pedal laceration - leave a piece of the foot behind
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What is a form of sexual reproduction in anemones?
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dioecious - release both sperm/eggs into water
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How does anthopleura reproduce?
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asexual- splits in half
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What anemone species engages in colonial wars?
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Anthopleura
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What anemone species is capable of swimming away from predatory starfish?
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Stomphia
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Colonial corals have what 2 sources of food?
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plankton & zooxanthallae/zoochlorellae
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What is used in corals when competing w/another coral colony over space?
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mesenterial filaments
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What are the four classes of Phylum Cnidaria?
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Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Anthozoa
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What class of phylum cnidaria includes hydras?
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Class hydrozoa
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What class of phylum cnidaria includes hydroids?
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Class hydrozoa
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What class of phylum cnidaria includes siphonophores?
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Class hydrozoa
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What are the 3 structural types of phylum cnidaria?
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1-polypoid, 2-medusoid, 3-both at diff. times
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What are the 5 epidermis cells of hydrozoans?
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1-epitheliomuscular, 2-interstitial, 3-cnidocytes, 4-mucus, 5-receptor & nerve cells
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What cells in the epidermis house nematocysts of hydrozoans?
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cnidocytes
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What cells in hydrozoans' epidermis are secreting cells?
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mucus cells
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What cells in hydrozoans' epidermis have neurons?
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receptor & nerve cells
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What cells in hydrozoans' epidermis have myofibrils & are responsible for movement?
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epitheliomuscular cells
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What cells in hydrozoans' epidermis give rise to gametes?
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interstitial cells
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In colonial hydrozoa, what happens during budding?
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The bud never breaks away; it stayys on. Thus, colony is interconnected
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What are 3 evolutionary tendencies of hydrozoans?
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1-colonial organizations, 2-skeletal formation (As colonies increase in size, there is a need for support)3-polymorphism
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What is the polyp responsible for feeding?
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gastrozooids
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What is the polyp responsible for reproduction?
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gonozooid
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What is the polyp responsible for defense?
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dactylzooids
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What Hydrozoan species has both hydoid & medusa reproduction?
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Obelia medusa
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What are the hydrozoans w/medusa form?
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hydromesusae
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What is a distinct feature of hydramedusae?
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velum-bell projects inward
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Do scyphomedusae have velums?
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no
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Is Physalia a jellyfish?
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no
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Is Physalia a solitary or colonial organism?
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colonial
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What class includes the characteristics: cellular mesoglea, gastrodermal cnidocytes, and asexual reproduction by strobilation?
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Class Scyphozoa
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Scyphozoans' filaments have what type of cells?
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cnidocytes & gland cells
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What does the rhopallium consist of?
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2 sensory pits, statocysts, ocellus
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What in the rhopallium detects chemicals?
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sensory pits
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What in the rhopallium detects gravity?
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statocysts
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What in the rhoapallium detects light?
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ocellus
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In the scyphozoans life cycle, scyphistoma becomes what?
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strobila
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Strobila is a stack of medusa saucers, known as what?
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ephyra
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What is a remedy for the toxins of scyphozoans?
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meat tenderizer
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What is a major predator of jellyfish?
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Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
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What are the characteristics in order for coral reefs to survive?
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water needs to be warm,(1)shallow(2)
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What types of reefs are there?
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Fringing, barrier & atoll
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What is the name of a reef that grows on the side of islands?
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fringing reef
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What is the name of a reef is separated from the island by a lagoon?
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barrier reef
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What is the name of a reef that surrounds a lagoon?
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atoll
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How does coral bleaching occur?
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Corals expel zooxanthelae or zoochloralae.
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What are the probable causes of coral bleaching?
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1-excess shade, 2-disease, 3-pollutants, 4-too much sediment in water, 5-not enough salt, 6*-high seawater temps, 7*-increased UV radiation
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What is the taxonomy of sea fans & sea whips?
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Phylum Cnidaria- Class Anthozoa- Subclass Alyconaria- Order Gorgonacea
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What is the taxonomy of sea pens & pansies?
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Phylum Cnidaria- Class Anthozoa- Subclass Alyconaria- Order Pennatulacea
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what is ktene?
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rows of cilia that help propel Ctenophores through the water
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Which phylum has true radial symmetry?
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Cnidaria
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Which phylum has bi-radial symmetry?
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Platyhelminthes
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What phylum includes animals that are bioluminescent?
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Ctenophora
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What is said to be the cause of bilateral symmetry?
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cephalization
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What is an advantage that evolved for animals that hunt, pursue prey & those that are fast enough to escape predators?
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cephalization
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Which phylum has radial symmetry?
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Cnidaria
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What are the phases of the life cycle of a scyphozoan?
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1-egg, 2-planula, 3-scyphistoma, 4-strobila, 5-ephyra (young medusa), 6-adult medusa
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What are the phases of the life cycle of a scyphozoan?
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1-egg, 2-planula, 3-scyphistoma, 4-strobila, 5-ephyra (young medusa), 6-adult medusa
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What is special about Cassiopea? and how does it feed?
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"upside-down" jellyfish; feeds by 1-zooplankton crawl over them or 2-uses photosynthetic byproducts as food from zooxanthellae
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What is the life cycle of Obelia?
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alternating sexual/asexual generations.
Asexual genderless polyp colony produces free-swimming male/female medusae that reproduce sexually to form a planula that eventually forms into a new generation of polyps by asexual budding. |
