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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Volcanic island chains
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islands formed by moving plates over errupting volcanoes
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microfossils
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fossils of micro organisms found in sediment on the sea floor you can tell the relative age of the sediments
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fracture zones
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elonged zone of unusuably ireegular topography of the ocean floor characterized by seamounts, steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, trough, or long step slopes
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subduction zone
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plane decending away from a trench separating a sinking oceanic plate from an overriding plate usually associtated with trenches and active volcanoes
lithosphere sinks into the mantle and is resorbed trenches get deeper |
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asthenosphere
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under the lithospehere and in the upper layer of the mantle
250kilo below continents |
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lithosphere
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earth's rigid outer layer
50-100 kilo thick floats in asthenosphere |
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calories
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the amoutn of heat needed to heat one gram of water one degree celcius
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Latent Heat
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the energy required to break a bond
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Density
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ice becomes less dess with increasing temperature
and density is affected by temperature ration between mass and volume |
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salinity
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the amount of salt in grams dissolved in one kilogram in seawater
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hydrogen bonds
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occur when two water molecules share the same hydrogen atom
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phase change
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when water becomes solid or gas
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polar molecules
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the charge on the molecules are zero however the structure causes it to behave as it had a positive side and a negative side
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5 remarkable properties of water
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second highest heat capacity-absorbes heat the best
latent heat of fusion-the temperature at which water freezes latent heat of evaporation-heat at which it evaporates surface tension-highest of all liquids dissolving power-disolves most substances and in greater quantity than any other liquid transperancy- very see through |
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dipolar
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oxygen molecules have 3 electron pairs because the hydrogen bonds are uneven
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what happens when salt dissolves in water
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bonds in atoms and molecules break
because the interaction with crystal lattices and water molecules |
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melting point of water
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0 degrees celicus
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temperature
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measure of heat
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why do hydrogen bonds raise the boiling point of water
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because the bonds are very strong which requires more heat to break the bonds
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what is the extra heat that is needed to break all of the hydrogen bonds of liquid water and change it into steam called? what's its value?
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latent heat
539 cal |
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is heat gained or lost when condensation occurs
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heat is lost because the gas is becoming a liquid meaning it has to decrease in temperature
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as ice melts what happens to the temperature of the slurry until all of the ice is gone?
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it just stays at 0
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at normal pressures how hot can boiling water be?
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it stays at 100degrees celicius until all the water evaporates
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how many calories are required to change 1 gram of water to steam
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540 degrees
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why is the latent heat of evaporation greater than the latent heat of melting
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becuase when ice melts only some of the hydrogen bonds are broken
when water evaporates, all the hydrogen bonds are broken |
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at what temperature at it's greater density
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3.98 degrees celcius
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what are the major elements found in sea water
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chloride and sodium
there are many others such as sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and potassium |
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geostrophic currents
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current resulting from the balance between gravitational forces and the coriolis effect
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pycnocline
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deeper you go the higher density it gets
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biogenous
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shells, skeletons,
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hydrogenous
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particles precepitated from solution and water
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lithogenous
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composed of mineral grains
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cosmogenous
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particles from outerspace
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what factors influence the type of sediments found in an area
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the size of the particle
orgANisms that eat them whether or not they are in a river |
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describe how surface area size and density can affect the settling rate of a particle
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the heavier it is, sinks faster
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