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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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history of the problem
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-no data prior to 1970 -> 80% mortality of dolphins
-MMPA established 1972 -1977 Observers on US boats -# of US vessels decreased, foreign vessels increased |
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1979
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-1979 Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC): conservation program for foreigners to match US efforts
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1986
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-1986 observers on all boats
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1994
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-1994 only "dolphin safe" tuna in US
- tuna embargo --> embargo on all foreign fish -trade conflicts between US and Mexico, Ecuado, Venezuela and others |
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1995
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-1995 Panama Declaration, many countries agreed to mortality limits and embargo lifted
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2002
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-91% fo all sets mad dolphins = no mortality or serious injury
-total mortality to less than 2000 (0.02% population) -national marine fisheries service: dolphin sets don not have significant adverse impact -sets with no dolphin mortality = dolphin safe |
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2004
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-earth island institute, US humane society, and others challenged decision
- court ruling changed definition of "dolphin safe" |
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types of tuna sets
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-dolphin sets: only set that takes mature adult tuna
-school sets -log sets or fish aggregation devices -school and log sets have more bycatch by numbers and variety. **need to consider overall impact vs. dolphin impact** |
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current dolphin status: hypotheses
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-bycatch is higher than reported
-ecological effects of removing tuna -effects of break up of shcool -repeated chase impacts survival and reproduction -separation of mom and calf |
