Marine Exam 3

Front 1

2/3 million years ago maybe 45,000

Back 1

there was point mugu (land bridge to the channel islnads).

Front 2

250,000 YA

Back 2

sea level was 100-300 ft higher than today, and islands were under water

Front 3

30,000 YA

Back 3

oldest human culture associated with the islands

Front 4

12,000 YA

Back 4

people on islands and mainland, sea food gathers

Front 5

2,500-3,000 YA

Back 5

island chumash (canalino) culture began

Front 6

island undisturbed until 1542

Back 6

discovered by JR Cabrillo

Front 7

1812

Back 7

major earthquake occurred; santa rosa cracked the earth and ocean-->chumash moved to mainland

Front 8

1853

Back 8

juana maria found on san nicolas island and brought to mainland

Front 9

1938

Back 9

channel island national monument established

Front 10

1979

Back 10

channel island national park bill by bill lagomarsino

Front 11

1980 (March and May)

Back 11

Channel islands national park is official

Front 12

San Miguel

Back 12

northern most;sand-blasted and is 2/3 owned by military and has 6 species of pinniped

Front 13

santa rosa

Back 13

2nd largest; 30 miles north of SB and has air force base and cattle company, but now owned by national park

Front 14

santa cruz

Back 14

island of sacred cross. "back country" with 3 rivers. biggest cattle ranch resided here and is now part of the national park but with visiting permission

Front 15

anacapa

Back 15

2nd smallest and made of 3 igneous rock. east is camp grounds mid is off limits and west is an ocean.

Front 16

san nicholas

Back 16

island of blue dolphins. Juana maria lived. owned by navy. moving sand and heavu kelp beds and no one is allowed.

Front 17

santa barbara

Back 17

smallest, made of vegetation. like anacapa, but with elephant seals.

Front 18

santa catalina

Back 18

owned by the Wrigley family. 3rd largest, 34 miles from long beach. Use to be a women indian island and men were allowed only for sexual purposes. many endemic species

Front 19

san clemente

Back 19

last and 60 miles south of la harbor. off limits because ammunition all over the beach. use to be used for bootlegging.

Front 20

true-bony fin-fish
moray eel -gymnothorax mordax

Back 20

the california eel; pelagic spawner (long-lived). found in crevices of rocks and eats octopus, small fish and crustaceans at night

Front 21

true bony, fin-fish
northern anchovy, anchoveta and smelt

Back 21

make schools, which eat euphausiids, copepods and decapod larvae by filter feeding or pecking

Front 22

true bony, fin-fish
flat fish; halibut and flounder

Back 22

bilaterally symetrical at birth but eye migrates to left or right, have flat body and lay on floor, with top side similar to environment and bottom is white. feeds on sea urchins, and sand dollars

Front 23

senorita fish-oxyjulis californica

Back 23

important to algae bc they are scavengers; eat fish. they are gold in color with a black spot at tail

Front 24

garibaldi-hypsypops rubicundus

Back 24

male is terretorial and protects eggs. state fish because of hunting and is big and orange

Front 25

opaleye

Back 25

round body fish and drk gray colored body, white spot on one side of body. common in anacapa

Front 26

kelp bass (calico) Paralabrax clathratus

Back 26

white spots on top with black bkground and white on bottom. eat small fish like squid and plankton and the juvenile fish live in the kelp blades

Front 27

surf perch

Back 27

they are metallic with black band and live in the sand flats to be carried by water

Front 28

pile surfperch

Back 28

blk band on 2/3 of body and is closer to kelp forest

Front 29

black perch- embiotoca jacksoni (mesograzer)

Back 29

black lips with series of black stripes on body. nibble on macrocystis

Front 30

ca sheephead

Back 30

eats sea urchin, is protrandy (change sex) and female is pink with white chin and male is balck and red with knob on head

Front 31

kelp rockfish

Back 31

day looks dead, but at night its active.

Front 32

sunfish-mola mola

Back 32

live on outskirts of macrocystis. sit on side to get sun and is as big as table top. eat jellyfish and sml fish

Front 33

wolf eel

Back 33

eats sea urchins with no teeth.

Front 34

bathmetry

Back 34

measures the depth of the ocean (creates map of ocean) by echo sounders or fathometer

Front 35

mid-oceanic ridge

Back 35

does not have vertical magma, but magma releases outward. 8,000ft tall. discountinuities occur

Front 36

1 discontinuity

Back 36

off midline axis

Front 37

2 discontinuity

Back 37

off axis and now parallel to axis

Front 38

3 discontinuity

Back 38

different elevation because of spreding-->changes elevation

Front 39

4 discontinuity

Back 39

areas around the mid-oceanic ridge that is flucutaing

Front 40

island formation

Back 40

sea floor spreading and are created at the hot spot and then move and grow.

Front 41

topography

Back 41

physical features of the earths crust

Front 42

soundings

Back 42

depth recorded by fathoms taken by ship with two views; a depth profile (looking at peaks and valleys) or the contour map (bird-eye view of the bottom. all are recorded on a base map and translated to computer.

Front 43

isobaths

Back 43

lines of equal depth which create the countour lines.

Front 44

continental shelf

Back 44

extension of the continent lying under the water. usually 40 miles ca is like 110 miles

Front 45

continental slope

Back 45

drop off land at the end of the continental shelf.

Front 46

continental margin

Back 46

shelf and slope together, as part of the continents

Front 47

abyssal plain

Back 47

ocean floor about 16,000 ft below sea lefvel and mid-oceanic ridge is here which is not flat

Front 48

mid-oceanic ridge

Back 48

rise, 40,000 miles long and 8,000 ft tall. three main sections. mid-atlantic (1 in/ year), mid-indian and east pacific rise (3 in/yr)

Front 49

sea floor spreading

Back 49

created at the mid-oceanic ridge with older crust moving away from oirgin and new crust is created.

Front 50

continental drift

Back 50

or plate tectonics, which carry the continents with them.

Front 51

magma

Back 51

motletn crust while still beneath the earths thing crustal skin

Front 52

lava

Back 52

when it reaches the earths crust.

Front 53

fault-transfrom fault

Back 53

fissure in earths crust,where land on both sides slide and create the sea floor spreading. In the pacific plate is the san andreas fault.