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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selection Pressures (physical and biological/ecological)
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Physical selection pressures- salinity, oxygen, light, physical properties of water
Biological/ecological- feeding, mating, predation/herbivory |
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Accessory Pigments
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chlorophylls- red
phycocyanin- red/orange fucoxanthin- yellow/red B-carotene- green/blue peridinin- green/blue phycoerythrin- green/blue |
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Influence of Light
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-autotrophs dependent for photosynthesis
-trophic links -stay in photic zone -plankton/nekton + benthic -both autotrophs and heterotrophs depend on light |
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Physical properties of water (relationship between density and temper/salinity) + viscocity
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As salinity increases, density increases, and as temperature increases density decreases
-as salinity increases, visc. increases, and as temperature decreases, viscocity increases |
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Sinking rate
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S= W1-W2/(R)(Vw)
W1= density of organism W2= density of seawater R= resistance Vw= viscosity of water |
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Adaptation to reduce density
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-alter body fluids
-maintain body solute concentration -isosmotic -swap heavy for light ions -accumulate low density liquids (oils and fats) (swap heavy for light ions, internal NH4Cl, specific gravity) |
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Adaptation sfor reducing resistance
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change shape
-SA increase as cube increases |
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Adaptations for Benthos and light
(intertidal and subtidal) |
Intertidal benthos- too much light, physotes in fucoid browns, CaCO3 in coralline reds, and resilienece
Subtidal- not enough light, have floatation aids, and accessory pigments |
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Adaptations for sea grasses
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-single chlorophyllus layer- densely packed chloroplasts (photosynthesis in light limited habitats)
-thick aerenchyma layer- large air canals running through the length of the blade (buyancy of leaves, high SA: Volume= high photosynthesis: respiration) |
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Adaptations of hydrothermal vents
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-chemosynthesis
-chemosutrophic bacteria fixes energy for other living organisms -NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
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Adaptations in Deep Ocean
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(deeps oceans have depost feeders, suspension/filter feeders, and predators)
-bioluminescence -large mouths -large eyes -red color -large females (finding a mate! bow chika wow wow) -sluggish? |
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Complex metamorphosis
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-usually marine species have larval stage
-undergo growth than metamorphosis -(often in different habitat than adult) main functions are to find different habitat and to avoid competitions with siblings or parents |
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Taxa with larvae or equivalent dispersal stages
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-many invertebrates
---- especiall sessile species -most fishes -algae, fungi- propagules (gametes + spores) -angisoperms- propagules (sees) |
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Algal cycles
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-sporophyte- releases pelagic spores
-gametophytes- release eggs and sperm, sometimes microscopic -alteration of generation -haploid (n) and diplois (2n) stages (generations) in the life cycle ---- alternate from one to other |
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Algal reproductive terminology
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Gametophytes produce gametes in gametangla
sygnamy- fusion of egg and sperm to produce ZYGOTE (develop into sporophytes), which then produce spores in sporangia spores develop into gameto phytes |
