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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are male shark reproductive organs called? how many do they have?
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Claspers. They have two
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where do female sharks store their spermatozoa?
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Females can store their spermatozoa in their oviducal glands
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When do male sharks fast?
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During courtship and mating.
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When do female sharks fast?
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When giving birth in nurseries.
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How often do most sharks give birth? What shark specie has the most litters?
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Every two years. Hammerheads and Sharp Nose sharks give birth every year.
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what special adaptation do baby hammerhead sharks have for birthing?
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The hammer lobes fold back during birth.
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What are the 3 types of gestation? Explain each. Also, indicate where the young is getting nutrients, if there is a uterus present, if it is live birth, etc.
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Oviciparity – most common form
Viviparity – most advanced form Oviparity – most primitive form |
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How do sharks smell? What is the main organ they use? how efficient is it to smell blood in the water; from what distance?
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Sharks have a keen olfactory sense. The biggest part of a shark’s brain is it’s sense of smell. They can detect the sent of prey a quarter mile away.
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Which shark specie has the best sense of smell?
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White shark show has a larger olfactory bulb then other sharks.
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What is the point of having a vascular system for the eyes and brain?
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The water vascular system warms the blood going to the eyes and the brain.
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How good is shark vision? when does it take over al the other senses? What do eyes do for protection?
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About 100 feet from the prey, the sense of vision seems to take over other senses. Shark eyes are protected by a membrane that moves up instead of down, as eyelids do.
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What are spiracles? How do they work? What type of sharks have these?
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Spiracles are a respiratory opening on the back of the head, above and behind each ear. It enables them to breath more easily while laying on the bottom. They also aid in aerating the blood destined for the eyes and brain.
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How many pairs of gills do sharks have? How do they work?
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They have 5 to 7 pairs of gills slits. As a shark swims, water passes over the gill filaments. Carbon dioxide is released from the blood, the oxygen is dissolved and the water is absorbed.
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What does agnatha mean?
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Agnatha is a superclass. They are eellike animals with sucking mouths.
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Where do they (hagfish) live?
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marine habitats
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do hagfish and lampreys have jaws
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they lack jaws
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Do they (hagfish) have appendages?
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Yes, they have paired appendages
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Do they (hagfish) have a cranium?
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They have a partial cranium
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Class myxini - what happens to the notochord as adults
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Retain as adults, they have a strong, flexible, rod that is made of cartilage They have a small brain, eyes, ears, and nasal opening that connects with the pharynx, they have a well developed sense of touch and smell
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(Class myxini) - What senses are their best and worst?
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They have a small brain, eyes, ears, and nasal opening that connects with the pharynx, they have a well developed sense of touch and smell
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what is a rasp?
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They have a pair of tooth-like rasps on the top of a tonguelike projection
karatin |
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How do their (Class myxini) slime glands work?
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They have rows of slime glands, located on hagfish’s flanks.
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What type of development do they (Class myxini) undergo?
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They undergo direct development, the juvenile young are miniature versions of their parents.
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Explain how they can be hermaphroditic and why would they (Class myxini) change sex?
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Young are hermaphroditic at first; later in life they well develop into either a male or female.
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WHo is the oldest living lineage of vertebrates?
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lampreys
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Are they (lampreys) parasitic?
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most of them are
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where are lampreys found?
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in temperature rivers and coastal seas
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What is anadromous?
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They hatch and grow in fresh water and them migrate to the ocean to mature. They then return to fresh water to spawn.
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What are lamprey eggs called?
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Ammocoetes
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At what stage are lampreys predators?
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adult
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how do lampreys feed?
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by producing strands of strands and trapping food particles
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How long does the larval stage last? How long do they last as an adult?
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up to 7 years
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where do most sharks live?
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in deep seas
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what type of sharks live in artic waters>
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Greeenland sharks
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What is the smallest shark?
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dwarf shark
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what are some general characteristics
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fusiform bodies, rounded and tapering at both ends
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What are the two groups found in this class? know what animals are found in them
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sublass elasmobranchii- sharks, skates, and rays. Subclass Plagiostomi – ratfishes and chimaeroids (ghost sharks)
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Subclass Plagiostomi
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they are cousins of the sharks, they have huge eyes, they live in deep seas, their upper jaws are fused to the cranium.
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Chimaeroids are known as what?
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chimaeriods are believed to have evolved from a shark like ancestor aka known as elephant shark
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what did their scientific name derive from?
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their scientific name is derived from the Greek mythological monst chimaera
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Chimaeroids are known as what?
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chimaeroids are believed to have evolved from a shark like ancestor.
Also known as elephant shark |
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What did their scientific name derive from?
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their scientific name is derived from the Greek mythological monst chimaera; breathed fire, had the head of a goat, has a trunk-like proboscis (snout).
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What are the two superorders? What animals are found in each?
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It is divided into two superorders;
selachii – the true sharks/ batoidei – skates, rays, guitar fish and saw fish. |
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What is countershade? How is this beneficial for these organisms?
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Most are countershaded in color, the top or bottom of the animal is lighter or darker than the other side, in the sea, most often the top is darker than the bottom. From the viewpoint of an animal aboce, the countershaded animal will blend in with the ocean depths.
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How many kinds of fins do shark have?
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a shark has five kinds of fins supported by cartilaginous rods
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Describe all of the sharks fins
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A pair of pectoral fin that lift a shark as it swims
A pair of pelvic fins that helo to stabilize the shark One or two dorsal fins that also aid in stabilization An anal fin on those species that needed the extra stabilization |
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How can you distinguish a shark?
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by the shape of their tales.
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What is shark finning
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shark finning: fishing sharks in order to remove their fins for commercial products (shark fin soup)
Leads to decline of many shark species Is becoming a huge risk of their extinction. |
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What % of shark is made of liver?
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90
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What is shark immobility?
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It allows sharks to “play dead”
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What are shark scales?
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Denticles, kind of like tiny teeth
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The shape of a shark’s tooth depends on what?
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Gender: (girls) – flat teeth
(boys)- sharp |
