Marine Biology Flashcards For Exam 2

Front 1

North Pacific gyre

Back 1

clockwise with california current (eastern boundary current), to north equatorial current, into the western boundary current of kuroshio and then the north pacific current.

Front 2

South Pacific gyre

Back 2

counterclockwise with the south equatorial current into the australian current and then the peru/ humboldt (cold, broad water along the south america which enter the s. euatorial.)

Front 3

West wind drift

Back 3

encircles the globe, which merges the atlantic, pacific and indian oceans.

Front 4

south pacific

Back 4

islands between hawaii and australia. This is the riches and most diverse area for marine forms

Front 5

east pacific barrier

Back 5

open water from hawaiin islands to the coast of north,central and south america. Difficult physical barrier for many organisms

Front 6

North Pacific gyre

Back 6

clockwise with california current (eastern boundary current), to north equatorial current, into the western boundary current of kuroshio and then the north pacific current.

Front 7

South Pacific gyre

Back 7

counterclockwise with the south equatorial current into the australian current and then the peru/ humboldt (cold, broad water along the south america which enter the s. euatorial.)

Front 8

West wind drift

Back 8

encircles the globe, which merges the atlantic, pacific and indian oceans.

Front 9

south pacific

Back 9

islands between hawaii and australia. This is the riches and most diverse area for marine forms

Front 10

east pacific barrier

Back 10

open water from hawaiin islands to the coast of north,central and south america. Difficult physical barrier for many organisms

Front 11

Current

Back 11

river in a larger body of water (sea). Have surface currents which extend few hundreds of feet, wind-driven and promoted by the coriolis effect

Front 12

gyre

Back 12

created in the ocean basin, usually 4 currents. 2 boundary currents (north/south along the land). and 2 open-ocean (east/west)

Front 13

Sea

Back 13

open water. with poor nutrients, except for atlantic which contains sargassum weed

Front 14

conter current

Back 14

current flows against the surface current. equatorial counter curent(underneath the north-pacific and above the south-pacific) continually flowng but strength is determined by the season which is affected by the atmosphere.

Front 15

El nino

Back 15

1 every 7-10 years. Results in too much rain in some areas and drought in others. Occurs when the equatorial c.current is so strong that it pushes away the normal surface current and results in an opposite flow that last a year or more.

Front 16

Geostrophic flow

Back 16

creates a "hill" in the center of the basin because of the coriolis effect taking the surface water with the winds help to the center, but because of gravity and this effect the water rolls down and creates the premanent flow of the currents

Front 17

westward intensification

Back 17

western boundary currents flow faster(narrow) and deeper (warmer) than the slow,cold, shallow easter currents because of the hill which is off-center and the coriolis effect

Front 18

North-pacific gyre

Back 18

clockwise from the north pacific current to the california current into the equatorial current and then the western kuroshio current (japan).

Front 19

South-pacific gyre

Back 19

counter clockwise with the south equatorial current folowing the australian current than the peru current which comes from the west wind drift

Front 20

west wind drift

Back 20

clockwise aroung the globe around the antartic merges the waters of pacific, atlantic and indian occeans and also creates the peru/humboldt (cold water).

Front 21

southern oscillation

Back 21

oscillation of the surface pressure. the eastern pacific waters are warm (el nino)sea level pressure drops and rises in the west

Front 22

biogeographical distribution

Back 22

location of an organism based on both the physical factors of the environment and the biological needs or adaptions of the oraganism where the organism can successfully carry on their life processes.

Front 23

south pacific

Back 23

islands between hawaii and australia. Islands that are around the equator in north and south. Invertebrates are rich and diverse in this area

Front 24

invertebrate

Back 24

have no internal skeleton, like sponges, jellyfish, worms, snails, crabs, shrimp, sea urchins and starfish. (95%)

Front 25

east pacific barrier

Back 25

open water from hawaiin islands to coast of north,central and south america. physical barrier for many organisms to cross

Front 26

broadcast spawning

Back 26

a strategy of reproduction for invertebrates in producing thousands of eggs and sperm in the the water in hopes of achieving fertilization and surviving in larval stages. no investment of parents

Front 27

teleplanic larvae

Back 27

if fetilization occurs, the larvae stage is long-term, which aids in dispersal and can be either mero of holoplanktonic.

Front 28

Planktotrophic

Back 28

very long lived larvae who are predatory depending on the food source from the environment...most likely other larvae. a telplanic larvae

Front 29

Lecithtrophic

Back 29

a teleplanic larvae that are shorter tem and carry food supply around with them and when yolk is consumed they become adult forms as holoplankton of benthic form.

Front 30

stepping stones

Back 30

island or groups of islands which are like steps to dispersal for organisms. the closer the islands are the easier for dispersal

Front 31

Eddies

Back 31

flow of water between, around islands and between currents along coastlines, which prevent organisms from dispersing too far.

Front 32

Antitropical(bipolar) distribution

Back 32

there is a known pattern in both terrestrial and benthic marine forms of animal and in terrestrial and intertidal/subtidal forms of plant where their presnce is seen in temperate to subpolar latitudes in both the north and south hemisphere, but not in tropical region because its a barrier

Front 33

plankton gametic survival strategies

Back 33

large numbers released, able to maneuver in strong gloes , mover to areas with lots of individual sense the other eggs by chemicals, produce large eggs

Front 34

plankton larval survival strategies

Back 34

internal brooding by parents, large number release, move to favorable areas, extend larval life by physical environment (cold water to slow down metabolism), small, increase s.a by appendages and body extensions, large eyes, are transparent and gleatinous

Front 35

larvae goals

Back 35

find suitable site for settling to adult form, exist in larval stage for as long as possible, survive predation

Front 36

phytoplanton

Back 36

small microscopic forms of algae that drift of feebly swim in the water column, and can perform photosynthesis. account for 95% of all marine primary productivity

Front 37

productivity

Back 37

measure the reprodictive capacity of an organism, measure how much organic stuff is produced by an organism, amt of carbon produced as g c/M2/year and measure the rate at which enery is assimilated by an organism

Front 38

ionization of the ocean

Back 38

fertilize the cold antartic water with iron to enhance the bloom of the phytoplankton. so that their is more plant material to absorb all the CO2 we generate that is killing out planent.

Front 39

compensation depth

Back 39

depth in the water column where the organism rate of photosyntheis equals the rate of respiration. Above the depth there is trophogenic where there is a net amt of productivity and below is tropholytic hwere the organisms do not produc to give us any net gain.

Front 40

Phytoplanton as biological pump

Back 40

make organic matter from dissolved CO2, from the atmosphere and when they die and fall to the abyss, the carbon is removed from the atms for many years. they transport carbon to deep ocean.

Front 41

Phytoplankton

Back 41

form of algae that are unicellular, microscopic, and are able to move bu special appendages (flagella, cilia, oil droplets)

Front 42

nanoplankton

Back 42

80-90% of all phytoplankton, very small cells, very important base for food chain

Front 43

energy pyrmaid

Back 43

close to terrestrial,phytoplankton being mose efficient, then herbivores (zooplankton), carnivorees (nekton, fish), then more carnivores (seals), then top carnivores (sharks)

Front 44

biomass pyramid

Back 44

upside for marine environment because phytoplnkton can produce more for its size. whith higher level nekton, heaviest, than 1st level nekton, then zooplankton and then the lightest phytoplankton.

Front 45

biological pump of phytoplankton

Back 45

with the sunlight, carbon dioxide and wATER into carbohydrates and proteins-->the food of life.

Front 46

antitropic

Back 46

there are nutrients leaking out in the warmer areas, so the primary productivity (grams of carbon/meter square/year) is less than the other areas with antartica being the most

Front 47

Cyanophyta(monera)

Back 47

type of phytoplankton. blue algae,trichodesium which creates the red sea because of a red pigment

Front 48

Coccolithophores(plantae)

Back 48

are calcium carbonate cocco produce dimethyl sulfate which gives energy.plant kingdom because of photosynthesis,flagellated,

Front 49

diatom(plantae)

Back 49

create petridish with the outer shell, with cell in center and bottom smaller. have center diatom or pennate (oblong) with asexual reproduction. 3 forms: coscinodiscus (round, centric diatom); rhizosolenia (cylinder); chaetoceros (centric top, weird bottom with hair appendages); asterionella (upside down bell with centric top) and nitzschia (rectangle shape)

Front 50

Dinoflagellates (plantae)

Back 50

have two flagella and are either naked or armored. create red tide. use chlorophyll to photosynthesize. Ceratium (cyckomorphosis, temp can change shape,seasonally and tri-prong shape) Gonyaulax &Gymnodinium (red tide effect) Noctiluca (naked, predator, can see with naked eye, symbiotic zooxanthellae, live in tissue of other organisms.

Front 51

marine snow

Back 51

steady fall of organic remains from top of water column to bottom, held tpgether by mucus, carbon-rich nd many zooplankters live their.
mucus that traps sand, dust, particulates from atmosphere.

Front 52

Zooplankton

Back 52

feeble swimmers, many bioluminscent, produce mucus, have gelatinous body for buoyancy,

Front 53

ubacteria and archbacteria-monera

Back 53

eat the oil

Front 54

protista-radiolarans

Back 54

cyclical base cell with glass like shell

Front 55

protista forenmeriferan

Back 55

calcium carbonate shell