Marine Biology Final

Front 1

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider high humidity...

Back 1

1. body walls of aquatic animals are thin and permeable
2. ammonia can be diffused directly out of the animal and does not need extra processing to limit water loss as in terrestrial animals
3. fertilization and release of sperm and eggs can be done directly in the water because there is no osmotic pressure or problems with drying
4. water soluble nutrients can be taken up directly by animals (especially salts)
5. photosynthesizing organisms do not need roots and can be small (phytoplankton)
6. problem: water soluble pollutant effect animals to a high degree

Front 2

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider the high density of water...

Back 2

1. no need for rigid skeletal support because water supports the body
2. water supports delicate anatomical structures that would collapse in air
3. filter feeding is possible because water moves constantly so the food comes to the animal
a. because water is wet and dense, microscopic free floating phytoplankton and zooplankton live in suspension and suspension-feeding animals can capture food particles as they float by.
b. In unsupportive air food particles do not occur in such a high concentration so this is much more difficult (but possible: spiders and webs)

Front 3

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider the high temperature stabilty of water...

Back 3

1. Water temperature is insensitive to short-term temp fluctuations in temperature
2. Water does not experience as huge differences in seasonal temperatures
3. Since all chemistry including metabolism is effected by temperature wide changes in temperature are stressful to animals

Front 4

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider light...

Back 4

iv. Light is distinguished quickly in water
1. Most aquatic primary production (fixation of carbon fron carbon dioxide into carbohydrates generally by photosynthesizing plants, algae, and phytoplankton) is limited to the top 20-50 m.

Front 5

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider oxyden availabilty...

Back 5

v. Water has a low oxygen solubility
1. there is less oxygen per volume than in air and it diffuses much slower than in air.
2. Movement of water enhances gas exchange so sessile (nonmotile) organisms either live in places of high water velocity or have some means of creating water flow

Front 6

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? consider the viscosity of water...

Back 6

vi. Water is much more viscous than air
1. Animals swimming in water face more resistance (drag)
2. For large animals moving quickly greater drag is due to greater density
3. small animals moving slowly are affected by water’s high viscosity
a. effects much more pronounced with a fall in temp that increases viscosity
b. water tends to move around rather than through bristly appendages

Front 7

What are some considerations for animals living in an enviroment of wet water? Consider living in fresh water...

Back 7

vii. fresh water
1. more changes to environment (drying up) than salt water
2. fresh water animals are hyperosmotic to their environment and must pump water out
3. less salt availability
4. more variability in pH because there is no bicarbonate ion as there is in salt water

Front 8

What is a metazoan?

Back 8

: multicellular, generally diploid organisms that develop from a blastula

Front 9

What are the types of metazoan body symmetry? What are the characteristic of each?

Back 9

ii. Metazoan body symmetry is generally of two types, bilateral or radial (and sometimes asymmetrical)
1. Bilateral symmetry: animal posseses a right and left sides that are approximate mirror images of each other
a. Bilateral symmetry is often associated with cephalization, which is the concentration of nervous and sensory tissues and organs at one end of the animal, resulting in disting anterior and posterior ends
b. Only a cut from the anterior to posterior (long) axis results in a mirror image
2. Radial symmetry: such an animal can be divided into two part by any cut that passes through its center
a. Internal anatomies do not necessarily follow the same symmetry

Front 10

What is bilateral symmetry?

Back 10

1. Bilateral symmetry: animal posseses a right and left sides that are approximate mirror images of each other
a. Bilateral symmetry is often associated with cephalization, which is the concentration of nervous and sensory tissues and organs at one end of the animal, resulting in disting anterior and posterior ends
b. Only a cut from the anterior to posterior (long) axis results in a mirror image

Front 11

What is radial symmetry?

Back 11

2. Radial symmetry: such an animal can be divided into two part by any cut that passes through its center
a. Internal anatomies do not necessarily follow the same symmetry

Front 12

What does it mean to classify an animal based on developmental patterns? What are the two major developmental groups?

Back 12

c. Classification by developmental pattern: multicellular organisms can be divided into two groups based on the number of distinguishable germ layers formed during embryogenesis

Animals can either be classified as diblastic or triploblastic

Front 13

What are the characteristics of a typical diblastic animal?

Back 13

ii. Diploblastic (double blastic): there are two distinct germ layers
1. Ectoderm: “outer skin” the outermost layer of cells
2. Endoderm: “inner skin” the innermost layer of cells
3. Diploblastic animals may develop tissues or organ associated with the mesoderm area in triploblastic animals despite the absence of this area in embryonic development (such as musculature)

Front 14

What are the characteristics of a typical triploblastic animal?

Back 14

iii. Triploblastic: metazoans with an additional third layer of cells
1. Mesoderm: “middle skin” a layer of cells between the ectoderm and endoderm
2. Triploblastic animals can be further divided into three body plans bases on the presence and development of an internal body cavity independent of the digestive tract (gut)

Front 15

What are the tree body plans associated wiht triploblastic animals?

Back 15

2. Triploblastic animals can be further divided into three body plans bases on the presence and development of an internal body cavity independent of the digestive tract (gut)
a. Acoelomate (a:without, coelom: a hollow space) animals without a body cavity
i. The region lying between the outer body wall and the gut is solid and occupied by mesoderm, there is no trace of an internal cavity development as embryo
b. Pseudocoelomate are animals with a body plan in which the region between the outer body wall musculature and the endoderm of the gut is a fluid filled cavity
i. In some animals this cavity is derived from the blastocoels, an internal space that develops prior to gastrulation
c. Coelomates or eucoelomates are animals with a body plan such that they have a true coelom, an internal, fluid filled body cavity lying between the gut and the outer body wall musculature lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm.

Front 16

What are acoelomates?

Back 16

a. Acoelomate (a:without, coelom: a hollow space) animals without a body cavity
i. The region lying between the outer body wall and the gut is solid and occupied by mesoderm, there is no trace of an internal cavity development as embryo

Front 17

What is a pseudocoelomate?

Back 17

b. Pseudocoelomate are animals with a body plan in which the region between the outer body wall musculature and the endoderm of the gut is a fluid filled cavity
i. In some animals this cavity is derived from the blastocoels, an internal space that develops prior to gastrulation

Front 18

What is a ceolomate?

Back 18

c. Coelomates or eucoelomates are animals with a body plan such that they have a true coelom, an internal, fluid filled body cavity lying between the gut and the outer body wall musculature lined with tissue derived from the mesoderm.
i. Coelom formation is formed in one of two ways, and is used to assign coelomates to one of two categories

Front 19

What are the advantages of having a coelom?

Back 19

1. Coelom advantages are
a. that the gut is somewhat independent from muscular or locomotory activities of the body wall
b. the animal gains internal space to store digestive organs, gonads, developing embryos
c. internal fluids can serve to distribute oxygen, nutrients, hormones
d. Can lead to more effective systems of locomotion (hydrostatic skeleton)

Front 20

What are the two groupls of ceolomate animals? Characteristics of each?

Back 20

ii. Protostomes: a group of animals in whom coelom formation occurs by gradual enlargement of a split in the mesoderm (schizocoely)
1. Mouth forms usually from the blastopore
2. Radial cleavage in development
a. At a 45 degree angle, and offcenter after the 4 cell stage
3. No twins: development of each cell is determinate
4. Mesoderm from a single cell of the 64-cell embryo
5. Polar lobes formed during first 1 or 2 clevages
a. A lobe filled with cytoplasm (and maternal mRNA)
6. Larval Protostomes composed of multicilated cells and downstream particle capture
iii. Deuterostome- coelom typically forms through an evagination of the archenteron into the embryonic blasotcoel (enterocoely)

Front 21

What are the characteristics of protstomes?

Back 21

q\\ii. Protostomes: a group of animals in whom coelom formation occurs by gradual enlargement of a split in the mesoderm (schizocoely)
1. Mouth forms usually from the blastopore
2. spiral cleavage in development
a. At a 45 degree angle, and offcenter after the 4 cell stage
3. No twins: development of each cell is determinate
4. Mesoderm from a single cell of the 64-cell embryo
5. Polar lobes formed during first 1 or 2 clevages
a. A lobe filled with cytoplasm (and maternal mRNA)
6. Larval Protostomes composed of multicilated cells and downstream particle capture

Front 22

What are the characteristics of deuterosomes?

Back 22

iii. Deuterostome- coelom typically forms through an evagination of the archenteron into the embryonic blasotcoel (enterocoely)

Front 23

What is the function of the hydrostatic skeleton?

Back 23

a. Function of the skeleton is to allow muscles to antagonize (act against), and return to their stretched configuration

Front 24

What are the requirements for a hydrostatic skeleton?

Back 24

i. The presence of a cavity housing an incompressible fluid that transmits pressure changes uniformly in all directions
ii. That this cavity be surrounded by a flexible outer body membrane so that the outer body wall can be deformed
iii. That the volume of fluid in the cavity remain constant
iv. That the animal be capable of forming temporary attachments to the substrate, if progressive locomotion is to occur on or within a substrate.
v. The presence of two sets of muscles that can act against each other
1. Usually one set of longitudinal and one set of circular muscles
2. The longitudinal muscles allow the animal to elongate
3. The circular muscles allow the animal to return to its original shape

Front 25

What phylum do these characteristics describe?
i. One or more pair of chitinous bristles called setae or chaetae
ii. Vermiform- soft bodied, reasonable circular in cross-section and longer than they are wide
iii. Metamerism: Bodies consist of a series of repeating segments and organ systems
iv. Thin body wall for gas exchange restricts annelids to moist environments
v. Excretion via nephridia (little kidneys)

Back 25

Phylum Annelida

Front 26

What Class and Phylum do animals with the below characteristics belong to?
i. Defining characteristic are paired lateral outfoldings of the body wall (parapodia)

Back 26

Phylum Annelida
Class Polycheata

Front 27

What are parapodia?

Back 27

paired lateral outfoldings of the body wall (parapodia)
1. Highly vascularized, increase surface area, function in gas exchange
2. Serve locomotory function when stiffened by chitinous support rods called acicula
3. Satae protrude from each parapodium

Front 28

What is the function of acicula?

Back 28

to stiffen parapodia

Front 29

What are some locmotion characteristics associated with Class Polycheata?

Back 29

vi. Locomotion characteristics
1. Septa allow for independent movement in each section
2. Setae form temporary attachment sites and prevent backsliding
3. Septa btw anterior adjacent segments are often incomplete (perforate) or absent in active burrowing forms allowing a greater volime of coelomic fluid and therefore greater shape changes to be associated with extending and anchoring the penetration organ

Front 30

What Class and Phylum do animals in sublass Errantia belong to? What are the characteristics of this group?

Back 30

Phylum Annelida
Class Polycheata

viii. Errant polycheate species (subclass Errantia) are polycheats that are generally active and mobile
1. Parapodia play important role in locomotion, acting as oars. Acicula stiffen and strengthen the parapodia
2. Surface dwellers as well as species that from burrows
3. Well-developed parapodia with accicula and satae
4. A well-developed head equipped with a toothed or jawed protrusible pharynx
5. Mostly carnivorous (but others as well)
6. Some burrowing polycheates lack parapodia

Front 31

What are the characteristics of Sedentaria polycheates?

Back 31

ix. Sedentaria polycheates spend their entire lives in simple burrows in the sediment or in rigid protective tubes
1. Parapodia greatly reduced, modified, or absent as are acicula
2. Most lack a protrusible pharynx (proboscis)
3. Water moved into and out of tube or burro by cilia, rhythmic movements of parapodia, or waves of muscle contraction
4. Feathery appendages at anterior end serve as food capture devices or gills
5. Suspension feeders
6. Some have protonephridia – ultrafiltration of coelomic fluid

Front 32

What are the characteristics of polycheat reproduction?

Back 32

1. Sexual reproduction
2. Gonochronistic (mostly) meaning they have separate sexes
3. Some families especially tube dwelling or sedentary species undergo epitoky: a marked morphological change in prep for sexual activity
a. Epitoke: a sexually mature being (male or female) that is highly specialized for swimming and sexual respoduction
i. Generated by either asexual budding one segment at a time from the animals posterior (atoke) or remodeling of existing structure
4. External fertilization
5. larvae has 2 rings of cilia called the prototroch (first wheel, at the equator of animal where the mouth is) and telotroch (tail wheel, at the posterior terminal portion of what will be the adult (pygidium))

Front 33

What is an epitoke?

Back 33

a. Epitoke: a sexually mature being (male or female) that is highly specialized for swimming and sexual respoduction
i. Generated by either asexual budding one segment at a time from the animals posterior (atoke) or remodeling of existing structure

Front 34

What is the larval stage of a polycheate called? characteristics?

Back 34

trochophore

5. larvae has 2 rings of cilia called the prototroch (first wheel, at the equator of animal where the mouth is) and telotroch (tail wheel, at the posterior terminal portion of what will be the adult (pygidium))
a. Prototroch involved in locomotion
b. Larva is called a trochophore (wheele-bearer)
c. Metatroch (between wheel) forms later

Front 35

What class nad phylum of animals are described by these characteristics?
i. Defining characteristic: Pronouncred cylindrical glandular region of the body (clitellum) that plays an important part in reproduction and Permanent gonads
1. Hermaphroditic
2. The clitellum is a specialized region of the epidermis that secretes a cocoon within which embryos develop. It also secretes mucus that assists in transferring sperm between individuals and albumen to nourish developing larva in the cocoon

Back 35

Phylum Annelida
Class Clitellata

Front 36

what is the function of the clitellum?

Back 36

2. The clitellum is a specialized region of the epidermis that secretes a cocoon within which embryos develop. It also secretes mucus that assists in transferring sperm between individuals and albumen to nourish developing larva in the cocoon

Front 37

What subclass, class, and phylum do eathworms belong to? what are the chatacteristics of this subclass?

Back 37

Subclass Oligocheata
Class Clitellata
Phylum Annelida

ii. Subclass Oligochaeta (85% of clitellate species)
1. Mostly freshwater (eathrworm is an example)
2. No parapodia
3. Anterior region of body (prostomium) has no conspicuous sensory structures
4. Sparse satea
5. Gas exchange across body wall
6. Locomotion
a. Semi-isolated body compartments
b. Inner longitudinal muscles
c. Outer circular muscles
d. Move by peristaltic waves: a series of localized contractions and relaxations of circular and longitudinal muscles, retrograde waves
7. Resporduction
a. Hermaphroditic: each individual produces sperm and eggs. Individuals simultaneously exchange sperm and store the sperm in spermathecae (sperm boxes). Egg and sperm are extruded from separate openings into a cocoon. Fertilization is external in the cocoon where embryos develop.
b. Asexual: (esp in freshwater species) transverse division of the “adult” forms separate sections and new individuals
c. Parthenogenetic: egg develops normally in the absence of fertilization

Front 38

How do oligocheates move?

Back 38

a. Semi-isolated body compartments
b. Inner longitudinal muscles
c. Outer circular muscles
d. Move by peristaltic waves: a series of localized contractions and relaxations of circular and longitudinal muscles, retrograde waves

Front 39

How do oligocheates reproduce?

Back 39

a. Hermaphroditic: each individual produces sperm and eggs. Individuals simultaneously exchange sperm and store the sperm in spermathecae (sperm boxes). Egg and sperm are extruded from separate openings into a cocoon. Fertilization is external in the cocoon where embryos develop.
b. Asexual: (esp in freshwater species) transverse division of the “adult” forms separate sections and new individuals
c. Parthenogenetic: egg develops normally

Front 40

What subclass, class, phylum do leeches belong to? What are some characteristics?

Back 40

Subclass Hirudinea
Class Clitellata
Phylum Annelida

1. Defining characteristic: a posterior sucker
2. Mostly freshwater
3. No parapodia, no internal gas exchange organs, no head appendages, no satae
4. Body not separated into compartments
5. Continuous coelomic space is filled with connective tissue; nesebchyme
6. Locomotion: use suckers as anchors, contracts muscles to form a U, then repeat
7. Feed on blood of vertebrates or invertebrates (parasitic) or predators of other invertebrates
8. Reproduction
a. Internal fertilization is mutual between two leeches
b. In species with no penis packets of sperm are injected (spermatophores)

Front 41

what is a taxon?

Back 41

ii. a taxon is a named group of organisms that is sufficiently distinct to be in a category (ex sea urchins).

Front 42

what is a monophyletic group?

Back 42

iii. A monophyletic group is one where all the members of any particular phylum are presumes to have evolved from one ancestral from

Front 43

what is a paraphyletic group?

Back 43

iv. A paraphyletic group is one that does not include all members that evolved from a single ancestral form (ie, the vertebrates are a paraphyletic group because they do not include invertebrate ancestors)

Front 44

What is phenetics?

Back 44

b. Phenetics (or Numerical Taxonomy)
i. Look at similarities between animals without trying to determine any common ancestry, trying to measure as many characteristics as possible. Use a computer algorithm to group animals together based on how similar they are to each other.

Front 45

What is evolutionary systematics?

Back 45

c. Evolutionary systematic (classical taxonomy)
i. Requires extensive expertise. Is highly subjective and difficult to argue with results.

Front 46

What is cladistics?

Back 46

d. Cladistics (Phylogenic systematic)
i. Look at synaptomorphies (shared characters derived from a common ancestor in which the characters originated
ii. Polarity is determined by choosing an outgroup, a comparison with a closely related taxon that lies outside of the taxa to be studied.
iii. Try to find simplest way to getting groups with as few steps as possible
iv. Incorporated molecular data
v. Cons to cladistics: results vary based on choice of outgroup, algorhythm, molecular alignment, fastest way to get to somewhere is not necessarily the way nature took the road.

Front 47

What is a synaptomorphy?

Back 47

shared characters derived from a common ancestor in which the characters originated

Front 48

What phylum is described by these characteristics?

a. Defining characteristics: (1) epidermis produces a segmented, joined and hardened (sclerotized) chitonous exoskeleton with intrinsic musculature between individual joints and appendages (2) complete loss of motile cilia in adults and larval stages

Back 48

Phylum Arthropoda

Front 49

What kind of coelemic cavity is found in arthropods?

Back 49

d. The hemocoel
i. No coelom in arthropods (because after all a hydrostatic skeletion is not possible without a deformable outer body wall)
ii. Hemocoel is part of the circulatory system, and is the main body cavity and has little to do with locomotion

Front 50

what is ecdysis?

Back 50

ii. Ecdysis- “an escape” the process of removing the exsisting exoskeleton

it is involved in molting
i. To increase body size the animal mist shed its cuticle and grow and harden a larger one

Front 51

What does the y organ do?
the x organ?

Back 51

1. The y organ at the head of crustaceans produces ecdysteroid hormones that stimulate molting
2. Molting is INHIBITED by other hormones located in the x-organ of crustaceans in the eyestalks (removal of eyestalks = motling)

Front 52

What makes the arthropod neuromuscular system unique?

Back 52

g. Nerves and Muscles of arthropods
i. In vertebrates there is one neuron per muscle fiber
ii. In arthropods the strength of contraction depends on the RATE at which nerve impulses are delivered to fibers
iii. A single muscle fiber may be enervated by as many as 5 different TYPES of neurons
1. These types can change the type of muscle contraction (sustained vs short) or can inhibit contraction
iv. Several types of mucle fibers
v. A single neuron can enervate more than one fiber
vi. Muscle is entirely striated
1. Allows for fast contractions (flight in insects)

Front 53

Describe the athropod circulatory system?

Back 53

i. Open circulatory system
1. Leaves heart through vessels, enters heart through hemocoel via ostia
2. Ostia- perforations in the heart wall

Front 54

what is the ocellus?

Back 54

a part of the visual system of some types of Arthropoda

a small cup with a light sensitive surface backed by a light-absorbing pigment
1. Found other phyla like Annelida and Mollusca as well as Arthropods
2. Not image forming

Front 55

What are some characteristics of the compound eye?

Back 55

1. Image forming
2. An animal may have both a compound eye and ocelli
3. Similar to human eye in that light enters through a lens, is focused on a retina, image is samples by receptor cells in the retina, and the image signal is sent to the brain for interpretation except that in an arthropod compound eye:
a. There are many lenses
b. The focus of each lens cannot be varied
c. There are fewer receptors to sample the image
4. Ommatidia “eye little”: individual units of the compound eye. Each ommatidia samples a very small part of the complete image
a. Each ommatidium consists of:
i. A fixed-focus lens (cornea) which has a great depth of vision
ii. An underlying gelatinous crystalline cone which serves as a lens
iii. A series of 8 cylindrical bodies (the photoreceptors) called retinular cells, each containing light sensitive pigments
1. Rhabdomeres, fine microvilliar outfoldings of the retinular cell wall that contain the light sensitive pigments and from a rhabdom
2. The tip of the rhabdom is like a single rod of the human eye
iv. Cylindrical cells (collars) containing shielding pigment and isolating every ommatidium from surrounding ommatidia
v. At the basal end, a neural cartridge, a cluster of neurons receiving information carried by the retinular cells and sending action portentioals to ganglia fro processing

Front 56

What is an ommatidia?
What does it consist of?

Back 56

4. Ommatidia “eye little”: individual units of the compound eye. Each ommatidia samples a very small part of the complete image
a. Each ommatidium consists of:
i. A fixed-focus lens (cornea) which has a great depth of vision
ii. An underlying gelatinous crystalline cone which serves as a lens
iii. A series of 8 cylindrical bodies (the photoreceptors) called retinular cells, each containing light sensitive pigments
1. Rhabdomeres, fine microvilliar outfoldings of the retinular cell wall that contain the light sensitive pigments and from a rhabdom
2. The tip of the rhabdom is like a single rod of the human eye
iv. Cylindrical cells (collars) containing shielding pigment and isolating every ommatidium from surrounding ommatidia
v. At the basal end, a neural cartridge, a cluster of neurons receiving information carried by the retinular cells and sending action portentioals to ganglia fro processing

Front 57

what is the function of retinular cells?

Back 57

these cells can be found in the ommatidia of compound eyes in arthropods and make up the cilindrical bodies

iii. A series of 8 cylindrical bodies (the photoreceptors) called retinular cells, each containing light sensitive pigments
1. Rhabdomeres, fine microvilliar outfoldings of the retinular cell wall that contain the light sensitive pigments and from a rhabdom
2. The tip of the rhabdom is like a single rod of the human eye

Front 58

What subphylum and phylum is described by the following characteristics?

Defining characteristics (1) appendages on the third head segment are modified as mandibles, for chewing or grinding food (2) retinula of compound eyes contain 8 cells

Back 58

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Mandibulata

Front 59

What class, subphylum, phylum is described by the following chatacteristics?
Defining characteristics:
a. Head bears 5 pairs of appendanges, including 2 pair of antennae
b. Development includes a triangular larval form (the nauplius)bearing three pairs of appendages and a singal medial eye

Back 59

Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 60

What subclass, class, subphylum , and phylum are described by these characteristics?
Defining characteristics:
i. thorax with 8 segments, abdomen with 6 to 7 segmetns plus a telson
ii. appengages on the 6th abdominal segments are flattened to form uropods

Back 60

Subclass Malacostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 61

What are the appendages on a malacostracan?

Back 61

b. Head appendages
a. First antennae (antennules)
i. sensory
b. Second antennae
i. Sensory role in malacostracans
c. Mandibles
i. Crush food
d. First maxillae
e. Second maxillae
i. Generate water current and manipulate food
c. Thoracic appendages (8 segments, 8 appendages)
a. First, second and third maxillipeds
i. Food manipulation
b. Five pair walking legs, pereopods
i. First three may be chelate (claw bearing) and also function in feeding and defense
d. Abdominal segments ( 6 or 7)
a. Each segment has an appendage
b. First 5 pairs are the pleopods and function in swimming and generating respiratory currents or brooding eggs in females
c. Last pair appendages are uropods
i. Flat, lie on eiter side of telson forming a tail

Front 62

What is the typical malacostracan body plan?

Back 62

a. Tripartite body: head thorax and abdomen
a. Head and thorax are ridgidly fused
b. Head and thorax may be covered by a carapace and therefore function as a single unit, the cephalothorax
c. Rostrum: a prominent anterior projection of the carapace (looks like a nose guard on an ancient roman helmet)

Front 63

What are chromatophores? Describe these in malacostacans.

Back 63

f. Chormataphores may be found on the body surface
a. Branched cells that can either aggregate pigment and be light or disperse pigment and be dark
b. Migration of granules under hormonal control of x organ in the eyestalks
(slow)

Front 64

What order includes lobsters, crabs and shrimp?

Characteristics?

Back 64

order Decapoda
subclass Malocostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

g. Decapods an order of Malocostraca with 10 thoracic legs (5 pairs) not the normal 8, with the first three (maxillipeds) modified for feeding. Includes crabs, lobsters shrimp and crayfirsh

Front 65

What order includes krill?

characteristics?

Back 65

Order Euphausiacea
Subclass Malacostaca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

h. Euphausiacea: an order of Malocostraca known as krill with 8 thoratic walking legs not 5 like the decapods, with feathery gills

Front 66

What order describes the violent bottom dwellin carnivore that can punch out its prey by punching it with powerful from legs?

Back 66

Order Stomatopodia
Subclass Malacostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylun Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Abdominal appendages (unlike thoratic appendages in euphausiids) have feathery gills. Look like flattned shrimp but have 8 thoratic legs. Second pair of legs are powerful and are used to punch out prey. Look like praying mantis

Front 67

What order would this animal fit into?
. No carapace, single pair of maxillipeds, uniramous first antenna, steamroller flat, eyes close to the head.

Back 67

Order Isopoda
Subclass Malacostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 68

What order would these animals belong to?
flattened on the side, no carapace, huge compound eye

Back 68

Order Amphipoda
Subclass Malacostaca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 69

What subclass do animals with these characteristics belong to?
a. Defining characteristics:
i. Modified to attach to hard substrates
ii. Thoracic limbs modified as filtering cirri
iii. No abdomen

Back 69

barnacles
Subclass Cirripedia
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 70

What subclass do animals with these characteristics belong to?

i. Singal nauplier eye
ii. Huge first antennae used for flotation ( can be hindged in males)

Back 70

Subclass Copepoda
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 71

What is this?

Back 71

trochophore larva

common to class Polycheata, Phylum Annelida

Front 72

what is it?

Back 72

Euphausid

Order Euphausiacea
Subclass Malacostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 73

What is it?

Back 73

Order Stomatopoda
Subclass Malocostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 74

What is this

Back 74

Order Isopoda
Subclass Malacostaca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 75

What is this?

Back 75

Order Amphipoda
Sublass Malacostraca
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 76

What is this?

Back 76

Subclass Copepoda
Class Crustacea
Subphylum Mandibulata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 77

What is this

Back 77

Class Merostomata
(horseshoe crab)
Subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda

Front 78

What subphylum is described by these characteristics? What is the most common member?
1. Absence of antennae
2. Body divided into two portions (prosoma and opisthosoma) with no distinct head
3. First pair of appendages, the chelicerates are adapted for eating
4. Lack mandibles

Back 78

Subphylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda

most common member is the horeshoe crab (class Merostomata)