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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lattitudes of temperate seas
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23.5 and 66.5, between tropics and polar zones
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species? epifauna vs. infauna?
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-closely associated with sea floor
-benthic, aphotic -all large marine plants and algae epifauna: live ON sediment, avoids clogging filters infauna: live IN sediment, swallow or displace sediments as they move |
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benthic larval dispersal
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broadcast spawning
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factors influencing larval selection
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bottom type, texture, speed or water, temp, light
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intertidal zone
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submergence (high tide)
emergence (low tide) daily fluctuations |
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high tide stresses
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crashing waves, abrasion
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low tide stresses
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heat, sun, co2, predators, freshwater, cold, no 02, trampling (people)
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filter feeding
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emirita, use feathery antennae to filter plankton
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grunion
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feb-sep, 1st 3 hours after highest tides (spring or neap)
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rocky intertidal
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tidepools, abundant resources but harsh conditions, competition, clumped distribution, stressful
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splash zone
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recieves only salty spray
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oil spills
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will eventually rest in intertidal, runooff, dumping, clogs gills, builds in feathers/fur, damages digestive system
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petroleum vs. crude oil
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petroleum: more toxic but evaporates quickly
crude: less toxic but remains on surface and shoreline much longer, sinks |
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oil cleanup
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scrubbing with high water pressure (high damage), leave it alone and let nature handle it, booms (nets) shovels and buckets, bioremediation (oil-eating bacteria)
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subtidal zone
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lower intertidal merges with continental shelf, some lower intertidal organisms
beyond effects of tidal action! |
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kelp forest impacted by
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-Overgrazed by urchins (loss of otters)
•El Nino (high temps.) • Suspended organic material from outfalls (less light, lower photosynthesis) |
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sewage and kelp forests
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•Primary Tr. - large solids, grease removed
•Secondary Tr. – Good bacteria eats organic solids, chlorine kills bacteria, •chlorine removed (via chemicals) •22% of biosolids used by farmers or compost centers •Many chemical toxins, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals not removed & enter ocean Orange County Sanitation District outfall: 4 miles off coast of Huntington Beach (200 ft. deep) chlorine removed (via chemicals) pharmeceuticals still remain in water |
