Marine Bio Chapter 16

Front 1

thermohaline

Back 1

ocean circulation that is driven by the difference in water density, due to variation in water temperature and salinity, rather than by winds or tides

Front 2

Great Ocean Conveyor

Back 2

a global circulatory pattern in which water cycles throughout the ocean basin

Front 3

main thermocline

Back 3

the layer between about 200 and 1000 m were the temperature drops rapidly as depth increases

Front 4

midwater

Back 4

animals that can survive in the mesopelagic zone

Front 5

cephalopods

Back 5

squid, octopus, and related molluscs that use sucker-bearing arms to capture prey, and lacking of shell

Front 6

deep scattering layer

Back 6

type of bottom layer that gives a soft, diffuse echo that makes a shadowy trace on sonar plots

Front 7

tubular eye

Back 7

specialized eye of many midwater that allow acute upwards or downwards vision

Front 8

oxygen minimum zone

Back 8

a layer of water at a depth approximately 500 m where oxygen is depleted

Front 9

bathypelagic zone

Back 9

water column 1000 to 4000 m in depth

Front 10

abyssopelagic zone

Back 10

water column 4000 to 6000 m in depth

Front 11

hadopelagic

Back 11

water column 6000 to 11,000 m in depth

Front 12

hermaphrodite

Back 12

individuals with both male and female gonads

Front 13

enzymes

Back 13

proteins that speed up and control chemical reactions in organisms

Front 14

metabolism

Back 14

the vast set of chemical reactions that sustain life

Front 15

deep-sea gigantism

Back 15

phenomena where deep sea animals grow much larger than those in shallower waters to increase locomotion and energy storage

Front 16

chemosynthetic prokaryotes

Back 16

autotrophic bacteria and archaea that use energy contained in inorganic rather than sunlight to make organic matter

Front 17

hydrothermal vents

Back 17

undersea hot springs associated with mid-ocean ridges

Front 18

cold seep

Back 18

areas mostly along the continental margins or in sediment-rich basins where hydrogen sulfide and methane produced by the decay of orgsnic matter seep out of the sea floor