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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abyssal plants
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flat sediment-covered areas in the ocean basin usually 3000-5000m deep
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atolls
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a ring-shaped chain of coral reefs from which a few low islands project about the sea surface
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calories
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a unit of heat energy equivalent to the amount of energy required to change the temperature of 1g of water to 1C
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conduction
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the molecular transfer of heat through a medium
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continental drift
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the gradual movement of continents in response to sea floor spreading processes
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continental shelf
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the relatively smooth underwater extension of the edge of the continent that slopes gently seaward to a depth of about 200m
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continental slope
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the relatively steep portion of the sea bottom between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deep ocean basin
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convection
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the transfer of energy by the flow or mixing of a liquid or a gas
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density
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ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
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heat capacity
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the measure of heat required to change the temperature of 1g of a substance to 1C
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hydrogen bond
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(h-bond) a weak bond formed by the attractive force between the charged ends of water molecules and other charged molecules or ions
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ion
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a electrically charged atom or molecule formed by gaining or losing one or more electron
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ionic bond
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in crystalline structures, an atomic bond formed between adjacent oppositely charged ions
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last glacial maximum
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(LGM) the time that the last major continental glacial advance in the Northern Hemisphere reached its max extent, about 18,000 years ago
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latent heat of fusion
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the heat that must be extracted from a liquid to freeze it to a solid at the same temperature
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latent heat of evaporation
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the heat energy required to convert a liquid to a gas at the same temperature
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ozone
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O3 formed by the action of P light acting on atmospheric O2
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Pangaea
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the super continent that consisted of all the preset land masses prior to their breakup and drift into their present positions
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photic zone
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the portion of the ocean where light intensity is sufficient to accommodate plant growth
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plate tectonics
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the collective geologic processes that move the crustal plates of the earth and cause continental drifting and sea floor spreading
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pycnocline
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the ocean layer, usually near the bottom of the photic zone, marked by a sharp change in density
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reefs
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massive near-shore deposits of coral skeletal material
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ridge and rise system
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the interconnecting chain of sea floor mountains that trace the edges of crustal plate and the sites of new oceanic crust production
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salinity
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a measure of the total amount of dissolved ions in salt water
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sea floor spreading
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a global process of oceanic crust moving away from the ridge and rise system where it was formed
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seamounts
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an undersea volcano
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shelfbreak
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the outer edge of the continental shelf typically 100-200 m deep
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surface tension
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the mutal attraction of water molecules at the surface of a water mass that creates a flexible molecular skin over the water surface
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temperature
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a relative intensity measure of the condition caused by heat
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thermocline
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the ocean layer usually near the bottom of the photic zone marked by a sharp change in temperature
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trenches
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deep areas in the ocean floor generally deeper then 6000m
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viscosity
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the resistance of water molecules to external forces that separate them
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visible light
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the portion of the electromagnetic radiation to which the human eye is sensitive, usually represented in a spectrum of colors from red to violet
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