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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
People
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What they did
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Lindeman 1942
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Ecological efficiency the 10% law (only 10% passes on to the next trophic level
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Tilman 1997
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Diversity plots (more species less variation in biomass) more resilient
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Facilitation species
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Second species of succession develop conditions for a species to invade later
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Phosphorus cycle
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Required by all organisms(nucleic acids) no atmospheric pool(gas) limiting nutrient in ecosystems. Takes millions of years. Producers take it and consumers eat it
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Nitrogen cycle
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N2 must be converted to be ‘fixed’ to be used in biological processes.
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Diazotrophs
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Nitrogen fixing bacteria
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nitrosomonas/nitrobacter
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Nh3 to nitrites/ nitrites to nitrates
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Calcareous and acidic soils
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6.5+ grows calciole plants/ 5- calcifuge plants
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Equilibrium species
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Strong competitors, invest energy in defence or endurance mechanisms, capable of maintaining resource share in crowded habitats
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Opportunistic species
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Good dispersal mechanisms, exploit uncolonised environments, weak competitors for long term resource share
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Metamorphosis
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Major change in anatomy before reproductive stage
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Iteroparity
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Repeated reproduction
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Semelparity
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Single reproductive stage
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fecundity
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Number of offspring/ reproductivity
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Soma
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Non reproductive body tissues
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precocity
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Early onset of reproduction
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Ecology
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The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
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Biosphere
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Interactions between the Abiotic and biotic environment. Self regulating
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Biomes
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Large scale areas of similar abiotic and biotic environments. Eight biomes
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Ecosystems
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The highest tier or biological organisation
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Community
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Interacting populations of different species affecting each other's distribution
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population
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A group of organisms of the same species living in a same place
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Coriolis effect
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Fluids such as water and air to curve as they travel across the earth's surface.
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Large scale winds
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Atmospheric cells of wind that circulate from the surface to the atmosphere
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Axial tilt
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The tilt of the earth 23.5 causes seasons
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Niche
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The niche a organism occupies is the total of all the ways its uses the resources of its environment
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Fundamental niche/the realises niche
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The set of resources the species can utilise in the absence of other organisms/ the niche that a organism actually occupies due to other organisms
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Competitive exclusion
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Two species cannot occupy the same niche
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Tropical rain forests
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6% of earth, 40% of earth's o2 . rainfall 2000-4000mm, 2,250g new growth m2 year
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Savanna
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700g new growth m2 year. Fires scattered trees
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Desert
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70g new growth m2 year, 20% earth surface
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Temperate grasslands (prairie)
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8% earth's surface, 500g growth m2 year
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Temperate forest
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1200g new growth m2 year (boreal forest 800g)
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Tundra
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140g new growth m2 year
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Gross primary production GPP
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Total amount of co2 that is fixated by the plant in photosynthesis
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Net primary production NPP
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Net amount of primary production after the costs of respiration are removed
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% light energy that goes into primary production
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1
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% light energy that gets reflected
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15
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Autotroph
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A organism that synthesises its own organic molecules (producers)
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Heterotroph
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A organism that obtains organic molecules from other sources (consumers)
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Detritivore
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A organism that ingest non living matter
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Saprotroph
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A organism that lives on or in nonliving organic matter secreting digestive enzymes
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Entropy
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Energy dispersal, high entropy = high energy dispersal (more useless energy)
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Pool
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The amount of a particular element stored in a part of a ecosystem (unit PG= 10^15g )
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flux
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Processes that transfer the element from one pool to another (unit PG= 10^15g )
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Source
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Part of the biosphere where a particular element is released faster than absorbed
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Sink
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A part of the biosphere where a particular element is consumed faster than released
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Net ecosystem production NEP
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Net amount of primary production after the costs of respiration by organisms
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Taxonomic diversity
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The number of species
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Phylogenetic diversity
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Relationships among species based on time elapsed since evolutionary divergences
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Functional diversity
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The variation in functional traits
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Interaction diversity
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Variation in biotic interactions eg competition, predation, parasitism
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thermocline
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Decreasing temperature
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pycnocline
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Region in which water density increases rapidly with depth. Due to halocline or thermoclines
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halocline
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Increasing salinity
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Parasite abundance
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Total number of individuals in a sample of hosts
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Acanthocephala
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Thorny headed worms
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Rhizocephala
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Damage to organs (parasite coming out of crab) sterilize host
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Commensalism
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Benefit to one member whilst not harming the other
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Inquilinism
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Living in the home/in one but not being parasitic
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Physical carbon pump
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Downwelling and upwelling currents mixing
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Biological carbon pump
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Respiration means the co2 rises then photosynthesizers turn it into o2 (shells store C in deep ocean)
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