Marieb Quiz #2 (Practice Questions)

Front 1

What is abnormal Lateral curvature of the spine?

Back 1

Scoliosis

Front 2

What is exaggerated thoracic curvature?

Back 2

Kyphosis (hunch back)

Front 3

What do you call an exaggerated lumbar curvature?

Back 3

Lordosis (sway back)

Front 4

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Back 4

7

Front 5

This usually involves rupture of the annulus fibrosus followed by protrusion of the spongy nucleus pulposus through the annulus

Back 5

Herniated disc

Front 6

What is unique about cervical vertebrae?

Back 6

They have a transverse foramen

Front 7

Which vertebrae articulate with the ribs?

Back 7

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 8

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Back 8

12

Front 9

The body of this vertebrae is heart shaped, with two facets on each side to receive the head of the ribs

Back 9

Thoracic vertebrae

Front 10

Where does the spinal cord end?

Back 10

L-2 Lumbar 2

Front 11

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

Back 11

5

Front 12

This contains the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and the sternum and costal cartilages

Back 12

The bony Thorax

Front 13

This bone contains the manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process

Back 13

The Sternum

Front 14

What are the functions of the bony thorax?

Back 14

1. Protect (vital organs)
2. Supports (shoulder girdle and upper limbs)
3. Attachment points (for the muscles of the neck, back, chest and shoulders) -- remember PSA

Front 15

What is the indentation at the top of the Sternum Manubrium?

Back 15

Jugular or Suprasternal notch

Front 16

This attaches the upper limbs to the trunk of the body

Back 16

Pectoral (aka shoulder) girdle

Front 17

This secures the lower limbs

Back 17

Pelvic (aka hip) girdle

Front 18

The shoulder girdle consists of?

Back 18

The clavicle and the scapula

Front 19

The inferior border of the rib has a ______ that carries the intercostal nerves and arteries

Back 19

Costal Groove

Front 20

This is a knoblike area on the rib that articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra

Back 20

Tubercle

Front 21

This bone is flattened at its lateral acromial end which articulates with the scapula

Back 21

Clavicle

Front 22

This is the only S shaped bone in the body

Back 22

Clavicle

Front 23

The Scapula borders what 3 areas?

Back 23

Superior, medial (vertebral) and the lateral (axillary)

Front 24

This articulates with the humerus of the arm forming the shoulder joint

Back 24

Glenoid Cavity

Front 25

This is a nerve passage medial to the coracoid process on the Scapula

Back 25

Suprascapular Notch

Front 26

This is the area between the shoulder and the elbow

Back 26

The arm

Front 27

This is the sole bone of the arm

Back 27

humerus

Front 28

these bones make up the forearm

Back 28

Ulna and Radius

Front 29

This includes the carpus, the metacarpals and the phalanges

Back 29

the hand

Front 30

These layers of the epidermis contain dead keratiinocytes.

Back 30

Corneum and Lucidum

Front 31

The greater and lesser tubercle on the humerous is separated by?

Back 31

Bicipital Groove (Intertubercular)

Front 32

This is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus

Back 32

Surgical neck

Front 33

This is the roughened attachment site for the deltoid muscle on the humerous

Back 33

Deltoid tuberosity

Front 34

This marks the course for the radial nerve on the humerous

Back 34

Radial Groove

Front 35

Where is the coronoid fossa?

Back 35

superior to the trochlea on the humerous

Front 36

What is the antebrachium?

Back 36

forearm

Front 37

In the anatomical position the radius lies?

Back 37

Laterally (on the thumb side)

Front 38

In the anatomical position the ulna lies?

Back 38

parallel to the radius (palm down, it goes over the radius)

Front 39

True or false the ulna is slightly longer than the radius?

Back 39

True

Front 40

This bone is mainly responsible for forming the elbow

Back 40

Ulna

Front 41

The two big prominences on the ulna separated by the trochlear notch?

Back 41

Olecranon & Coronoid process

Front 42

When does cartilage growth end?

Back 42

During adolescence when the skeleton stops growing

Front 43

The head of the Ulna has a _______ where a ligament runs to the wrist

Back 43

Styloid process

Front 44

The head of this bone is shaped like a nail

Back 44

Radius

Front 45

This anchors the biceps of the arm to the radius

Back 45

Radial Tuberosity

Front 46

What is a colle's facture?

Back 46

a break in the distal radius (by the wrist)

Front 47

How many phalanges are there in the hand?

Back 47

14

Front 48

What is the joint between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium bone called?

Back 48

Saddle joint

Front 49

The hip bone forms from the fusion of?

Back 49

Ilium, ischium and the pubis

Front 50

What is the deep socket where the head of the femur articulates?

Back 50

Acetabulum

Front 51

The large flaring bone that forms the superior region of the coxal bone is?

Back 51

Ilium

Front 52

The sciatic nerves passes through here

Back 52

Greater sciatic notch

Front 53

This defines the pelvic brim

Back 53

The arcuate line

Front 54

This receives the weight of the body when sitting

Back 54

ischial tuberosity

Front 55

The hole in the hip is called?

Back 55

Obturator foramen

Front 56

The femur length is about ___ of a person's height

Back 56

25%

Front 57

What are the three segments of the lower limb?

Back 57

Thigh (femur), leg , foot

Front 58

The indentation on the head of the femur is the

Back 58

Fovea capitis

Front 59

What is the weakest part and most common facture part of the femur?

Back 59

neck

Front 60

The intertrochanteric line is on the ____ of the femur

Back 60

front

Front 61

The intertrochanteric crest is on the ____ of the femur

Back 61

back

Front 62

What bones form the lower leg?

Back 62

Tibia and Fibula

Front 63

this bone does not contribute to the knee joint, only helps to stablilize the ankle joint

Back 63

Fibula

Front 64

This part of the fibula forms the prominent ankle bulge and articulates with the talus

Back 64

Lateral Malleolus

Front 65

This bone receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot

Back 65

Tibia (aka shinbone)

Front 66

This part of the tibia forms the medial bulge of the ankle

Back 66

Medial Malleolus

Front 67

What does the foot skeleton contain?

Back 67

Tarsus, the metatarsus and the phalanges

Front 68

The two large tarsal bones that carry the most weight are the?

Back 68

Talus (ankle) and the Calcaneus (heel)

Front 69

The enlarged head of the first metatarsal forms the?

Back 69

"ball of the foot"

Front 70

The metatarsus has?

Back 70

5 small long metatarsal bones

Front 71

What are the three arches of the foot?

Back 71

MEDIAL longitudinal, TRANSVERSE, and LATERAL

Front 72

What is skeletal cartilage made up of?

Back 72

Variety of cartilage tissue which consists mainly of water

Front 73

The high water content of cartilage makes it?

Back 73

resilient and able to spring back to its orginal shape after being compressed

Front 74

Does Cartilage have nerves and blood vessels?

Back 74

No

Front 75

What is cartilage surrounded by?

Back 75

Perichondrium (which is dense irregular connective tissue )

Front 76

Does the perichondrium contain blood vessels?

Back 76

yes

Front 77

Is cartilage thick?

Back 77

No (due to its lack of blood vessels)

Front 78

What are the three types of cartilage

Back 78

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage (H-E-F)

Front 79

What are the basic components of cartilage?

Back 79

Cells called chondrocytes encased in LACUNA within an extracellular matrix containing a jelly like ground substance and fibers

Front 80

This hyaline cartilage covers the ends of most bones at moveable joints

Back 80

Articular cartilages

Front 81

This hyaline cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum

Back 81

Costal cartilages

Front 82

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Back 82

External ear and epiglottis

Front 83

What are the two ways cartilage grows?

Back 83

Appositional (from out) and Intersititial (from in)

Front 84

This literally means "growth from the outside" it occurs when the perichondrium secrets new matrix against the external surface of the eisting cartilage

Back 84

Appositional growth (opposite is interstitial)

Front 85

This literally means "growth from the inside" occurs when the chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix expanding the cartilage from within

Back 85

Interstitial growth

Front 86

the 206 bones of the skeleton may be classified according to their texture into two types

Back 86

Compact and Spongy

Front 87

Bones may be classified on the basis of their gross anatomy into four types

Back 87

Short ,Long, Flat, Irregular (S-L-I-F)

Front 88

The femur, phalanges and all limb bones except patellas, carpals and tarsals are?

Back 88

Long Bones longer than they are wide

Front 89

The tarsals and carpals are types of?

Back 89

Short bones, cubed shaped

Front 90

These are found in the skull, the sternum, the scapula and the ribs

Back 90

Flat bones (thin with two wafers of compact bone with a layer of spongy between)

Front 91

In the knee joint this is attached anteriorly to the tibia and to the medial side of the femur, stops hyperextension of the femur

Back 91

Anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL )

Front 92

Vertebrae and coccyx are considered?

Back 92

Irregular bones

Front 93

Where is red bone marrow located in adults?

Back 93

In the trabecular cavities (of spongy/flat bones) and the proximal epiphysis (humerus/femus)

Front 94

This is a large rounded projection on a bone

Back 94

Tuberosity

Front 95

This is a narrow ridge of bone

Back 95

Crest

Front 96

This is a very large, blunt irregularly shaped process

Back 96

Trochanter

Front 97

This is a narrow ridge of bone, not as prominent as a crest

Back 97

Line

Front 98

This is a small rounded process or projection

Back 98

Tubercle

Front 99

Raised area above a condyle

Back 99

Epicondyle

Front 100

A sharp, slender, pointed projection

Back 100

Spine

Front 101

A prominence or projection

Back 101

Process

Front 102

This is a space within a bone filled with air lined with a mucous membrane

Back 102

A sinus

Front 103

Two types of bone cavities

Back 103

Antrum and sinus

Front 104

A canal like passage that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Back 104

meatus

Front 105

a shallow, basin like depression in a bone, oftern serving as an articular surface

Back 105

a fossa

Front 106

a furrow in a bone

Back 106

groove

Front 107

narrow slit like opening in a bone

Back 107

fissure

Front 108

round or oval opening in a bone

Back 108

foramen

Front 109

All bone has a dense outer layer consisting of ?

Back 109

compact bone that is solid and smooth

Front 110

Internal to compact bone is the?

Back 110

Spongy bone, which is honeycom bed with needle-like pieces called trabeculae

Front 111

This bone has a tubular bone shaft called the diaphysis consisting of a bone collar surrounding a hollow medullary cavity which is filled with yellow bone marrow in adults

Back 111

long bones

Front 112

These are at the ends of the long bone and consist of an internal spongy bone covered by an out layer of compact bone

Back 112

Epiphyses

Front 113

The epiphyseal line is located between the epiphyses and diaphysis and is a remnant of the

Back 113

epiphyseal plate

Front 114

The external surface of the bone is surrounded by a periosteum, which is secured to the underlying bone by perforating

Back 114

"Sharpey's fibers"

Front 115

The internal surface of the bone is lined by a connective tissue membrane called the

Back 115

endosteum

Front 116

This organic component of bone build up bones

Back 116

Osteoblasts

Front 117

This organic component of bone Tears down bones

Back 117

Osteoclasts

Front 118

Two types of cartilaginous joints are?

Back 118

Synchondroses and symphyses

Front 119

A peg-in-socket fibrous joint and example is the tooth

Back 119

Gomphoses

Front 120

When the articulating bones are united by cartilage and they lack a joint cavity

Back 120

Cartilaginous joints

Front 121

A bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

Back 121

synchondroses

Front 122

The distal tibial-fibular joint has a little "give" but functionally is classified as an immovable joint this is an example of?

Back 122

Syndesmoses

Front 123

A fracture that penetrates the skin

Back 123

Compound (open)

Front 124

A fracture which parallels the long axis

Back 124

Linear fracture

Front 125

A fracture that is perpendicular to long bone axis

Back 125

Transverse fracture

Front 126

Bone is crushed

Back 126

compression fracture

Front 127

A fracture that does not penetrate the skin

Back 127

Simple (closed)

Front 128

Ragged break occuring when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

Back 128

Spiral fracture

Front 129

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

Back 129

Depressed fracture

Front 130

When bone resorption outpaces bone deposits

Back 130

Osteoporosis

Front 131

A fracture when the bone fragments into three or more pieces

Back 131

Comminuted fracture

Front 132

Smooth portion of the frontal bone between the orbits is called?

Back 132

Glabella

Front 133

Three types of fibrous joints are?

Back 133

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Front 134

Squamous, Tympanic, mastoid, and petrous regions are all regions of?

Back 134

Temporal bone

Front 135

Examples include the epiphysial plates connecting the diaphysis and epiphysis in long bones of children and the joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the manubrium

Back 135

Synchondrosis

Front 136

These only occur between bones of the skull

Back 136

Sutures

Front 137

Tiny bones between cranial bones

Back 137

Wormian (sutural) bones

Front 138

Special type of short bones found in tendons

Back 138

Sesamoid bones, patella and two in foot

Front 139

five major features of synovial joints

Back 139

articular cartilate, joint (synovial) cavity, articular capsules, synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments

Front 140

Samples include the intervertebral joints and the pubic symphsis

Back 140

Symphyses

Front 141

Epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Back 141

Epiphyseal fracture

Front 142

This is a mature bone cell

Back 142

Osteoctytes

Front 143

A mineral salt that is mostly calcium phosphate which gives bones it hardness

Back 143

hydroxyapetite

Front 144

Ossification and Osterogenesis mean?

Back 144

process of bone formation

Front 145

Are bones capable of growing in thickness throughout life?

Back 145

Yes

Front 146

When bone tissue replaces hyaline cartilage, forming all the bones below the skull except for the clavicle

Back 146

Endochondral ossification

Front 147

Ossification in adults serves mainly for ?

Back 147

bone remodeling and repair

Front 148

When bones form from fibrous connective tissue membranes resulting in cranial bones and clavicles

Back 148

Intramembraneous ossification

Front 149

The osteoid must mature for about a week before it can?

Back 149

Calcify

Front 150

In bone remodeling when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions reach a certain level?

Back 150

tiny crystals of hydroxyapetite form spontaneously

Front 151

This is essential for bone mineralization and is made by osteoblasts

Back 151

Alkaline phosphatase

Front 152

The ruffled border of the osteoclast secrets _____ and ____ to break down bone

Back 152

Lysosomal enzymes and hydrochloric acid

Front 153

This substance is made by filtration from blood and is viscous

Back 153

Synovial fluid

Front 154

Every skeletal muscle of the body is attached to bone or other connective tissue structures at?

Back 154

no less than two points

Front 155

All synovial joints are diarthrosis which means?

Back 155

They move in different directions

Front 156

Joint movement in one plane

Back 156

Uniaxial movement

Front 157

When synovial fluid is forced out into the cavity when compression occurs of the cartilage

Back 157

"Weeping lubrication"

Front 158

A ligament can only stretch ____of its length before it snaps

Back 158

6%

Front 159

When attached to the moveable bone it is called

Back 159

insertion

Front 160

A slipping movement of a joint with no axis involved

Back 160

nonaxial movement

Front 161

Joint Movement in two planes

Back 161

Biaxial movement

Front 162

joint Movement in all three planes of space

Back 162

Multiaxial movement

Front 163

the articular surface of the bones are covered with articular hyaline cartliage which is fused to a pad or
plate of fibrocartilage

Back 163

symphyses

Front 164

When the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity

Back 164

Synovial joints

Front 165

Found at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae, some mandibular motions and sacroiliac

Back 165

Gliding

Front 166

This is the simplest joint movement

Back 166

Gliding

Front 167

This increases the angle between the articulating bones

Back 167

Extension

Front 168

The movement of a limb away from the midline

Back 168

Abduction

Front 169

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space

Back 169

circumduction

Front 170

This decreases the angle of the joint

Back 170

Flexion

Front 171

The movement of a limb towards from the midline

Back 171

Adduction

Front 172

Rotating the forearm laterally so the palm faces up, it refers to the movement of the radius around the ulna

Back 172

Supination

Front 173

Seven types of angular movements?

Back 173

Flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Front 174

Three general types of movement are?

Back 174

Gliding, angular movement and rotation

Front 175

The forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly

Back 175

pronation

Front 176

When your foot points outward it is

Back 176

eversion and inversion to point inward

Front 177

Two specific terms used to describe foot motion

Back 177

Dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and Plantar flexion (pointing the toes)

Front 178

Synovial joints can be classified into six categories, based on the shape of their articular surfaces

Back 178

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle and ball and socket joints

Front 179

The mandible can be

Back 179

Protraction and retraction and or elevation and depression

Front 180

A cylindrical projection of one bone fits into a trough shaped surgace on another. Motion is on a single plane, to permit flexion and extension only

Back 180

Hinge joints

Front 181

The rounded end of one bone protrudes into a sleeve or ring made of another bone and some ligaments

Back 181

pivot joints

Front 182

Elbow and interphalangeal joint

Back 182

hinge joints

Front 183

Gliding movements are also known as

Back 183

Translation

Front 184

When attached to the immovable or less movable bone it is called

Back 184

origin

Front 185

The articular surfaces are essentially flat, allowing for short gliding movements it does not involve rotation around an axis

Back 185

Plane joints

Front 186

These movements increase or decrease the angles between bones

Back 186

Angular movements

Front 187

The movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips due to the saddle joint between metacarpal1 and the carpals

Back 187

Opposition

Front 188

The atlas and dens of the axis, the proximal radioulnar joint

Back 188

Pivot joints

Front 189

In middle age the fibrous tissue ossifies and the skull bone fuses into a

Back 189

synostosis

Front 190

carpormetacarpal joint of the thumb

Back 190

Saddle joints

Front 191

The spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with the cuplike saucer of the other, allows multiaxial movement

Back 191

Ball and socket joint

Front 192

This causes calcium levels to rise by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone and increases serium calcium weakens bones

Back 192

Para thyroid hormone

Front 193

This causes calcium levels to be lower by inhibiting bone resorption and encouraging calcium deposits in bones strengthens bones

Back 193

Calcitonin

Front 194

This includes a number of diseases in which the bones are inadequately mineralized

Back 194

Osteomalacia

Front 195

A fracture where the bone is not broken through

Back 195

Incomplete fracture

Front 196

A fracture where the bone is broken through

Back 196

Complete fracture

Front 197

The turning of a bone around its own long axis

Back 197

rotation

Front 198

intercarpal and intertarsal joints, joints between the vertebrae

Back 198

plane joints

Front 199

Shoulders and hips

Back 199

Ball and socket joints

Front 200

Also called ellipsoidal joints, the oval articular surgace of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another. This joint permits all angular motions

Back 200

Condyloid joints

Front 201

Bone breaks incompletely, only one side of the shaft breaks the other side bends

Back 201

Greenstick fracture

Front 202

Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas (shaped like a saddle) resembles condyloid joints

Back 202

Saddle Joints

Front 203

A fracture where the bones are out of alignment

Back 203

Displaced fracture

Front 204

A fracture where the bone ends retain their normal postion

Back 204

Nondisplaced fracture

Front 205

Three types of joints based on binding material

Back 205

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Front 206

Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangel (knuckle)

Back 206

condyloid joints