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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The force of attraction between two objects is called _______________________.

Gravity

What objects are affected by gravity?

ALL objects (with mass) are affected by gravity.



In terms of objects, what two things affect gravity?







Size and Distance




(Gravity is affected by the size of objects, and also by the distance between them).











The amount of matter in an object is its ________.

MASS

The result of gravity pulling on a mass of an object is the object's _______________.

WEIGHT




(Weight is the measure of gravity pulling down on the mass of an object).

Which would change if you went to another planet; your mass, or your weight?

Your weight




(Each planet has a different surface gravity so you would have a different weight on every planet. Mass, however, does not change).

What is the primary reason for Earth's seasons?

The tilt of Earth's axis (as Earth revolves/orbits around the sun).

Is the northern hemisphere of Earth closer to the sun in summer?

NO. The northern hemisphere (the top half of the globe) is actually further from the sun in summer, but it's tilted more toward the sun then and receives more intense sunlight. The northern hemisphere is actually closer to the sun in winter, but tilted away from it so it is colder.

Earth is tilted how many degrees on its axis?

23.5




(Because of this tilt, Earth experiences seasons)

Are days shorter or longer during summer?

Longer

When it's summer in the northern hemisphere, what season will the southern hemisphere be experiencing?

Winter



Where on Earth would you expect there to be no seasons, and why?

Any place located along the Equator experiences no seasons.




(Along the Equator, locations are tilted neither toward or away from the sun. Those locations will receive the most direct sunlight year round, which is why they do not have seasons like the rest of the world).

Where would you find the only parts of the world that receive direct sunlight?

All locations along the Equator




(Along the Equator, locations receive direct sunlight year round, which is why there are no seasons for those locations. The sun is never really directly overhead for any other parts of the world other than along the Equator).

Why do Earth's poles (North Pole and South Pole) remain cool year round?

The poles are never tilted in the direct path of the sun's light, so the rays strike the poles at an angle and much of it is scattered by the atmosphere.

When are shadows longer each day?

During the earliest and latest parts of the daytime (when the sun is lowest in the sky)

When are shadows the shortest each day?

During the middle parts of the day the sun is high so shadows are shortest.

During which season, summer or winter, are shadows longest?

Shadows are shorter in summer because the sun is higher in the sky. Shadows are longer in the winter because the sun is lower in the sky then.

The amount of moon that you can see from Earth is called ______________ _______________.

Moon Phases




(Each month the moon passes through eight predictable phases that are named after how much of the moon we can see and whether the moons size is increasing or decreasing).

The 8 moon phases, in order, are:

....New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent......

What moon phase always occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth?

New Moon

What direction does the moon revolve/orbit around Earth?

Counter Clockwise

No matter how much of the moon we are able to see each night, how much of the moon is ALWAYS illuminated by the sun?

1/2 (50%)

What does this sentence describe?




"From our perspective on Earth, we can see only a portion of the illuminated (lit up) half of the moon each night."

Moon Phases

If the moon appears to be growing whiter/brighter, we say it is (waxing or waning)?

Waxing




(Waxing = Growing in brightness)

If the moon appears to be shrinking, or getting darker, we say it is (waxing or waning)?

Waning




Waning = Shrinking/getting darker

Earth's unique placement in the solar system means it's the only planet that is able to sustain ______________.

LIFE

Earth has an __________, while some planets do not. This means that Earth has the right mixture of gases.

Atmosphere




(Earth has an atmosphere that contains the right mixture of gases to sustain life. The atmosphere is also thick enough to prevent poisonous radiation from getting through).

Earth's atmosphere is made up the mixture of what two gases, along with other gases?

Carbon dioxide and Oxygen (along with nitrogen and other trace gases)




Plants need carbon dioxide and animals need oxygen. Earth has the appropriate mixture of these two gases to sustain plant and animal life.

Another important aspect of Earth's perfect placement in the solar system is its _____________.

CLIMATE




The temperature on Earth is not too hot, nor too cold. This means that Earth has water in liquid form.

If Earth was too close to the sun, what would happen to its water?

All Earth's water would exist as gas (water vapor)

If Earth was too far from the sun, what would happen to its water?

All Earth's water would be frozen.

Describe the reason Earth's perfect placement in the solar system means Earth's water is just right.

On Earth, because of its placement in the solar system, we have all three forms of water available (liquid, gas, solid).....water, water vapor, ice.

Because of Earth's placement in the solar system and distance from the sun, Earth also gets just the right amount of _____________ for plants to grow and for there to be the proper amount of oxygen on Earth.

Light




(Plants need light to grow, and plants are able to produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis)

Without the ___________, there would be no life on Earth.

SUN




(The sun provides heat and light, is the ideal distance from Earth, and the sun's gravity also keeps Earth in orbit around the sun)