Mandarin Grammar Structures

Front 1

是, 不是

S + 是 + N

S + 不是+ N

Back 1

shì

Subject is Noun

Subject is not Noun

Front 2

..........吗?

Back 2

...........ma

Question

Front 3

们, 咱们

PN/N + 们

咱们

Back 3

men， zán men

Plural (They/We/Us)

咱们 - Includes speaker and listener

Front 4

也

Back 4

yě

Also

Front 5

.........., N/PN + 呢?

Back 5

ne

and you/they?

Front 6

这

这是.....

Back 6

zhè

This (objects that are near)

Front 7

PN + 的

Back 7

de

Indicates possesion

Front 8

在 / 是

N+ 在 + Place / Direction

Place / Direction + 是 + N

Back 8

zài / shì

At

Front 9

N + 在哪儿

Back 9

zài na r

Where

Front 10

有, 没有

S+ 有 + N

S+ 没有 + N

Back 10

yǒu / méi yǒu

Subject has Noun

Subject does not have Noun

Front 11

。。。。。。。。。。,吧

Back 11

ba

Requesting confirmation / suggestion

Front 12

八点，晚上，

P+ （八点/晚上） + V+ N

Back 12

Time units

Used when time is an adverb

Front 13

几，多少

。。。。是几+ unit，

。。。。是多少 + unit

Back 13

jǐ , duōshao

How many

Front 14

本，瓶，路。。。

Number + 本，瓶，路。。。 + thing

Back 14

běn, píng, lù...

Measure words

Front 15

怎么样

。。。。怎么样？

Back 15

How （is）

Front 16

不 A 不 （opposite of A)

Back 16

bù Adjective bù (opposite of Adjective)

Perfect

Front 17

正在 / （在 、。。。。呢）

N 正在 V / （在 V 。。。。呢）

Back 17

zhèng zài / zài ...... ne

Adverb - currently

Front 18

从。。。。到。。。。

Back 18

cóng....dào...

From 。。。 until 。。。

Front 19

每。。。。都。。。。

Back 19

měi ... duō...

Each 。。。 the following happens 。。

Front 20

S+ V1 + N1 + V2 + N2

Back 20

Subject does verb1 thing1 in order to do verb 2 thing2.

Front 21

先，然后，最后

先。。。（然后。。。/最后。。。）

Back 21

xiān, ránhòu, zuìhòu

First .... (then.... / last ...)

Front 22

......... A 不 A?

......... V 不 V?

Back 22

Question

Does thing have this quality?

Front 23

是。。。。的

N + 是+ （N,V,A）+ 的

Back 23

shì....de

Object has this quality

Front 24

N + 有 （一） 点儿 + A

Back 24

yǒu (yī) diǎn r

N is a little of the adjective

Front 25

V + V + N

Back 25

Double verbs (used to create an informal tone of voice)

Front 26

。。。 在 + location + V

Back 26

zài

At location, doing verb

Front 27

N + 太+ A + 了

Back 27

tài, le

Noun has too much of the adjective

Front 28

X 还是 Y？

Back 28

hái shi

X or Y?

Front 29

S+ 会 + V + N

Back 29

huì

PN knows how to, can or is able to

Front 30

就是

Back 30

jiù shì

Used for emphasis

Front 31

A啦， B啦， C啦

Back 31

la

Enumerating types

Front 32

不是。。。。吗？

Back 32

bú shì.....ma?

Rhetorical question - Isn't/Aren't ...?

Front 33

A 的话，就B

Back 33

de huà .... jiù

If A then B

Front 34

了， 没

S + 没 + V + N

Back 34

le, méi

Subject has never verbed the Noun.

Front 35

还

Back 35

hái

Still

Front 36

就 + V

Back 36

jiù

As early as / already / right after

Front 37

才

才 + V

Back 37

cái

Action happens late

Front 38

能 + V

Back 38

néng

Can / able to

Front 39

最好 + V

Back 39

zuì hǎo

Had better

Front 40

V + 了 + Number + MW+ O

Back 40

le

Verb completed this much

Front 41

又 + V， 又+A

Back 41

yòu

Already occurred

Front 42

N + 好像

Back 42

hǎoxiàng

seems / as if (tentative)

Front 43

V + 了 + Time (+ N)

Back 43

le

Verb last this long

Front 44

V1 + 了 + N1 + V2 + N2

Back 44

le

V1 will occur prior to V2.

Front 45

S+ time + 在 + location + V or

Time + S + 在 + location + V

Back 45

zài

Inserting time into sentence

Front 46

快，要，快要，了

快。。。。了
要。。。。了
快要。。。。了

Back 46

kuài, yào, kuài yào

Very soon
Soon
Immediately。。。

Front 47

只好

Back 47

zhǐ hǎo

No choice but to...

Front 48

可能

Back 48

kě néng

Indicates the possibility

Front 49

Time + 再 + V

Back 49

zài

Indicates Verb will take place at a later time

Front 50

A + 极了

Back 50

jí le

Adjective to an excessive degree

Front 51

想 + V

Back 51

xiǎng

Wish

Front 52

要 + V

Back 52

yào

Want - determined action

Front 53

趟 / 次 / 遍

V + Number + 趟 / 次 / 遍

Back 53

tàng / cì / biàn

Verb occurred N times

Front 54

对 PN 来说

Back 54

duì , lái shuō

According to PN...

Front 55

会

Back 55

huì

Will

Front 56

一，就

一 V1 。。。。 就 V2

Back 56

yí, jiù

As soon as V1 occurs then V2 occurs

Front 57

都

Back 57

dōu

No exceptions

Front 58

是，的

是。。。。的

Back 58

shì de

Emphasises the time, place, method or way that comes directly after the 是

Front 59

Place 1 离 Place 2

Back 59

lí

Distance Place 1 to Place 2 is..

Front 60

N1 比 N2 + A

N1 比 N2 + A + 多了

Back 60

bǐ

N1 is more adjective than N2

N1 is much more adjective than N2

Front 61

Time / Verb Phrase + 以前

Back 61

yǐ qián

before..

Front 62

多/几，左右

Number + 多/几 + MW

Number + MW + 左右

Back 62

duō, jǐ, zuǒyòu

Approximately the number

Front 63

V + 着 + Number + MW + N

Back 63

zhe

Continuous action

Front 64

没有，那么

N1 没有 N2 （那么）A

Back 64

méiyǒu, nà me

N1 is not as adjective as N2.

Front 65

和, 一样

N1 和 N2 一样 A

Back 65

hé, yí yàng

N1 is as adjective as N2

Front 66

像， 一样

N1 像 N2一样

Back 66

xiǎng yíyàng

N1 is like N2

Front 67

有的... 有的。。。。

Back 67

yǒude

Some have this characteristic, some have that characteristic

Front 68

着

Location + V + 着 + MW + N

Back 68

zhe

Used to say what exists at a location

Front 69

为了。。。

Back 69

weìle

In order to...

Front 70

A + A + 的

A1 + A1 + A2 + A2 + 的

Back 70

de

Adjective duplication, used in desrcibing things to emphasise adjectives.

Front 71

V1 再 V2

Back 71

zài

V2 takes place after V1

Front 72

该，了

Time 了。。该 。。。。了

Back 72

gāi, le

It's time for somebody to do something

Front 73

再说。。。。

Back 73

zàishuō

Furthermore

Front 74

一 V

Back 74

yí

Situation changes after V occurs.

Front 75

好容易， 好不容易，才

好容易/ 好不容易 + 才 + V

Back 75

hǎoróngyì， hǎobúróngyì, cài

Takes great effort to verb to achieve a target

Front 76

V 来 V 去

Back 76

V lái V qù

V takes place many times

Front 77

住。。。。

Back 77

wǎng....

Used before location words indicating direction.

Front 78

又。。。。又。。。。

Back 78

yòu... yòu

When two states or actions occur at the same time

Front 79

把

S + 把 + N1 + V + 在/到/给/成+ N2

Back 79

bǎ

N1 is changed into N2 through the action

Front 80

S + 把 + N + V + Result

Back 80

bǎ

Result is achieved through action.

Front 81

V + 起来

Back 81

qǐlái

V begins and continues.

Front 82

A 就是 B

Back 82

jiùshì

B expounds A

Front 83

虽然 A 但是 B

Back 83

suīrán, dànshì

Although A but B...

Front 84

不但 A 而且 B

Back 84

búdàn, érqiě

Not only A, but also B

Front 85

越来越 + A / V

Back 85

yuèláiyuè + A/V

More and more A/V

Front 86

V + 去

Back 86

qù

Object has disappeared due to V.

Front 87

只要 。。。 就 。。。

Back 87

zhǐhǎo, jiǔ

As long as .... then ....

Front 88

过

V + 过

没有+ V + 过

Back 88

guò

Indicates past experience

(Negative form)

Front 89

下去， 不

V + 下去

V + 不下去

Back 89

xiàqù, bù

V continues..

(Negative form)

Front 90

才 + Number + MW + N

Back 90

cái

Indicates the number is small in the speaker's opinion

Front 91

除了，以外，也，还

除了N1（以外）N2也/还。。。

Back 91

chúle, yǐwài, yě, hái

N1 and N2 both...

Front 92

除了，以外，都

除了N1（以外）N2都。。。

Back 92

chúle, yǐwài, dōu

Except N1, All N2...

Front 93

一边+ V1。。。 一边+ V2。。。

Back 93

yìbiān

V1 and V2 occur simultaneously

Front 94

真是，一

真是 + 一 + MW + N

Back 94

zhēnshì, yī

Used to express an exclamation.

Front 95

难道 。。。。

Back 95

nándào

But isn't / aren't....?

Front 96

也， 不/没

一 + MW + N + 也+ 不/没 + V
一点儿不 + A
哪儿/谁/什么。。。也+ 不/没 + V

Back 96

yě bù / méi

Emphasise the negative

Front 97

不/ 得

V + 不+ 了

V + 得 + 了

Back 97

bù / dé

It's impossible to verb

It's possible to verb

Front 98

V1 着 V1 着 V2

Back 98

zháo

V2 occurs while V1 is occuring

Front 99

不再 + V

Back 99

bú zài

No longer doing Verb

Front 100

一方面。。。另一方面。。。

Back 100

yì fāng miàn.... lìng yì fāng miàn

On the one hand .... on the other hand ...

Front 101

一 + MW + N + 一 + MW + N + V

Back 101

Describing actions that take place one by one.

Front 102

只有 。。。。 才 。。。。

Back 102

zhǐyǎo ... cái

Only if .... then ....

Front 103

一天比一天 / 一年比一年

Back 103

yí tiān bǐ yí tiān / yí nián bǐ yí nián

Day by day / Year by year

Front 104

越 。。。。 越 。。。。

Back 104

yuè ..... yuè .....

The more ... the more....

Front 105

连， 也/都

连.... 也/都 + (不/没） + V

Back 105

lián, yě / dōu

Even .... can / can't Verb

Front 106

N ... + V + 上

Back 106

shàng

Noun is now attached to something

Front 107

既 。。。。也 。。。

Back 107

jì, yě

Not only .... but also...

Front 108

不管。。。。都 。。。

Back 108

bùguǎn .... dōu

No matter how...

Front 109

A + 得很

Back 109

dehěn

To a high degree

Front 110

N 再 V 的话，。。。

Back 110

zài , dehuà

If N still... then...

Front 111

非 。。。 不可

Back 111

fēi ... bùkě

Must / have to

Front 112

再也不 ／ 没 ＋ V

Back 112

zàiyěbù / méi

Used to emphasise negation

Front 113

临 + V

Back 113

lín

Happened just before

Front 114

Object + 被 + (N/P) + V

Back 114

beì

Used to introduce the Noun/Pronoun

Front 115

V 出来

Back 115

chūlái

Verb causes something to appear