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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the biggest diversity of mammals? |
Neotropic region |
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Why are Australian species so unique? |
Wallace's line |
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Define Domestication |
Man controls breeding |
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4 traits crucial in domestication |
social male promiscuity young are precocial and go through imprinting adaptable to a wide range of diets/habitats |
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precocial |
develop quickly, independent at young age (horses, dogs, etc) |
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altricial |
helpless for an extended period of time (humans) |
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Artificial selection |
driven by man's goal (breeds) |
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relaxation of selection |
appearance of phenotypes and behaviors that would normally select out |
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Mammals in order of domesstication: oldest to most recent |
Dog, Goat/Sheep, Cattle, Pig, Horse, Camelids, Cat |
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"sylv-" |
forest dwelling |
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6 characteristics that make a mammal a mammal |
-fur/hair -mammory glands -live birth/placenta -specialized teeth and teeth replacements -single boned lower jaws -specialized ears |
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exception to placenta rule |
monotremes |
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Fossil periods: past to present |
cenozoic, mesozoic, paleozoic |
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Anapsid - turtles |
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Diapsid - reptiles and birds |
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Synapsid - mammal like reptiles |
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A - Medula B - Cortex C- Cuticle |
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melanin |
brown pigment |
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pheomelanin |
reddish yellow pigment |
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Eumelanin |
black or brown pigment |
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Mixture of pigments |
agouti |
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melanism |
opposite of albinism |
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Gloger's rule |
coat matches environment |
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Mechanism used by Zebras |
disruptive coloring |
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Types of hair |
Vibrissae - whiskers Body hair ---spines (hedgehog) ---bristles (firm, longer, grow continuously)(mane) ---Awns (wool, fur, velli) |
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4 mammalian glands |
- eccrine (oil) -sebaceous (sebum) -mammory (milk lines) -apocrine (scent) |
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arreetoc pili |
hair muscles |
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Monotremes |
egg layers (oviparous) have cloaca pectoral girdle reptilian sperm reptilian and mammalian chromosomes epipubic bones |
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Echidnas |
guard hairs modified to spines beak has electroreceptors non functional ankle spurs torpor offspring name: puggle |
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Platypus |
semi-aquatic venom ankle spurs webbed digits 1 offspring, altricial (4-5 months) |
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white footed mouse |
peromyscus |
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vole |
microtus |
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shrew |
Blarina brevicauda |
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5 adaptions to resist cold |
1. preventing heat loss from appendages 2. Preventing heat loss from Respiratory tract 3. Preventing heat loss from integument 4. Creating a microclimate 5. Reduce Activity and/or Body Mass (Dennels') |
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6 adaptions to resist heat |
1. Change Osmoregulatoin to conserve H2O 2. Change Diet to conserve H2O 3. Regulate body T to lose heat 4. Insulating/Regulating pelage 5. Reduce metabolic rate and body size 6. Avoid or resist high T |
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"foxing" |
chemical change that turns hair pigment RED |
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4 rodent synapomorphies |
-enlarged incisors -diastema between incisors and molars -ever-growing incisors -iron in enamel |
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sciurid rodents |
squirrel-like |
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murid rodents |
mice-like |
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scurid |
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murid |
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digitigrade |
standing on phalanges; runner/pouncer |
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unguiligrade |
walk/run on claws or tips of digits |
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plantigrade |
full foot on ground |
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brachiating
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support body w arms |
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Quoll |
carnivore nocturnal Australia |
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Yapok |
water opossum Mexico and C. America |
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Bandicoot |
Australia omnivores |
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Marsupial Gliders |
Nocturnal communal eat insects and plants |
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Wombats |
nocturnal herbivorous large burrows Australia, Tasmania |
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Caluromyidae |
C. American Wooly Opossum herbivores/insectivore nocturnal |
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Rat-opossum |
Northern Andes Mountains No marsupium |
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pygmy possums |
nocturnal omnivorous torpor mountains of Australia |