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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Where is the biggest diversity of mammals?


Neotropic region

Why are Australian species so unique?

Wallace's line

Define Domestication

Man controls breeding

4 traits crucial in domestication

social


male promiscuity


young are precocial and go through imprinting


adaptable to a wide range of diets/habitats

precocial

develop quickly, independent at young age


(horses, dogs, etc)

altricial

helpless for an extended period of time


(humans)

Artificial selection

driven by man's goal (breeds)

relaxation of selection

appearance of phenotypes and behaviors that would normally select out

Mammals in order of domesstication: oldest to most recent

Dog, Goat/Sheep, Cattle, Pig, Horse, Camelids, Cat

"sylv-"

forest dwelling

6 characteristics that make a mammal a mammal

-fur/hair


-mammory glands


-live birth/placenta


-specialized teeth and teeth replacements


-single boned lower jaws


-specialized ears

exception to placenta rule

monotremes

Fossil periods: past to present

cenozoic, mesozoic, paleozoic

Anapsid - turtles

Diapsid - reptiles and birds

Synapsid - mammal like reptiles

A - Medula


B - Cortex


C- Cuticle

melanin

brown pigment

pheomelanin

reddish yellow pigment

Eumelanin

black or brown pigment

Mixture of pigments

agouti

melanism

opposite of albinism

Gloger's rule

coat matches environment

Mechanism used by Zebras

disruptive coloring

Types of hair

Vibrissae - whiskers


Body hair


---spines (hedgehog)


---bristles (firm, longer, grow continuously)(mane)


---Awns (wool, fur, velli)

4 mammalian glands

- eccrine (oil)


-sebaceous (sebum)


-mammory (milk lines)


-apocrine (scent)

arreetoc pili

hair muscles

Monotremes

egg layers (oviparous)


have cloaca


pectoral girdle


reptilian sperm


reptilian and mammalian chromosomes


epipubic bones

Echidnas

guard hairs modified to spines


beak has electroreceptors


non functional ankle spurs


torpor


offspring name: puggle

Platypus

semi-aquatic


venom ankle spurs


webbed digits


1 offspring, altricial (4-5 months)

white footed mouse

peromyscus

vole

microtus

shrew

Blarina brevicauda

5 adaptions to resist cold

1. preventing heat loss from appendages


2. Preventing heat loss from Respiratory tract


3. Preventing heat loss from integument


4. Creating a microclimate


5. Reduce Activity and/or Body Mass (Dennels')

6 adaptions to resist heat

1. Change Osmoregulatoin to conserve H2O


2. Change Diet to conserve H2O


3. Regulate body T to lose heat


4. Insulating/Regulating pelage


5. Reduce metabolic rate and body size


6. Avoid or resist high T

"foxing"

chemical change that turns hair pigment RED

4 rodent synapomorphies

-enlarged incisors


-diastema between incisors and molars


-ever-growing incisors


-iron in enamel

sciurid rodents

squirrel-like

murid rodents

mice-like

scurid

murid

digitigrade

standing on phalanges; runner/pouncer

unguiligrade

walk/run on claws or tips of digits

plantigrade

full foot on ground

brachiating

support body w arms

Quoll

carnivore
nocturnal
Australia

carnivore


nocturnal


Australia

Yapok

water opossum 
Mexico and C. America

water opossum


Mexico and C. America

Bandicoot

Australia
omnivores

Australia


omnivores

Marsupial Gliders

Nocturnal
communal
eat insects and plants

Nocturnal


communal


eat insects and plants

Wombats

nocturnal
herbivorous
large burrows
Australia, Tasmania

nocturnal


herbivorous


large burrows


Australia, Tasmania

Caluromyidae

C. American Wooly Opossum


herbivores/insectivore


nocturnal

Rat-opossum

Northern Andes Mountains


No marsupium



pygmy possums

nocturnal
omnivorous
torpor
mountains of Australia

nocturnal


omnivorous


torpor


mountains of Australia