Mammary Glands

Front 1

Mammary glands are modified__________ glands

Back 1

apocrine sweat

Front 2

Mammary glands are derived from the _________

Back 2

ectoderm

Front 3

During the fourth week of development _______ develop

Back 3

Mammary ridges

Front 4

In humans, epidermis proliferates into the underlying dermis to form the _______

Back 4

primary bud

Front 5

By the twelfth week ______ form

Back 5

secondary buds

Front 6

15-25 secondary buds canalize to form ______

Back 6

lactiferous ducts

Front 7

Sometimes, portions of the mammary ridge persist and _____ may develop

Back 7

supernumery nipples (polytheia)

Front 8

Infantile breasts

Back 8

Rudimentary lactiferous ducts surrounded by connective tissue

Front 9

During puberty breasts develop under influence of ________

Back 9

ovarian estrogen

Front 10

Breasts develop via the three mechanisms:

Back 10

Accumuulation of connective tissue, adipose and prolideration ofd ucts deep within to form lobules

Front 11

The breast conists of 15-20 _____ that reside in 15-20 ______

Back 11

tubuloalveolar glands; 15-20 lobes

Front 12

Lobes contain _____ which contain clusters of _______

Back 12

lobules, ducts

Front 13

In the active breast ducts become _______

Back 13

secretory units (alveoli)

Front 14

____ are present within the ducts of each lobe

Back 14

Secretory alveoli

Front 15

Myoepithelial cells lie between the base of the epithelium cells and the basement membrane and are an important part of the ______

Back 15

Milk ejection reflex

Front 16

Function of intralobular ducts

Back 16

Drain the secretory alveoli

Front 17

Epithelium of intralobular ducts is _____

Back 17

simple cuboidal

Front 18

The intralobular ducts drain into

Back 18

interlobular ducts

Front 19

Interlobular ducts are located _____ lobules

Back 19

between

Front 20

Each lobe is drained by a _______

Back 20

lactiferous duct

Front 21

Epithelium of lactiferous duct is:

Back 21

stratified cuboidal or stratified columnar

Front 22

Each lactiferous duct widens within the nipple to become a ______

Back 22

lactiferous sinus

Front 23

Epithelium of lactiferous sinus becomes ______

Back 23

stratified sueamous

Front 24

The nipple is covered by ____epithelium

Back 24

keratinized stratified squeamous

Front 25

Connective tissue around the lactiferous duct is rich in _____

Back 25

smooth muscle and nerve endings

Front 26

In the resting breast there are ____ secretrory alveoli

Back 26

few

Front 27

If pregnancy occurs the hormones ________ are released

Back 27

estrogen, progesterone, HCS and prolactin

Front 28

____ and ___ cause internse proliferation of secretory alveoli and inhibit the effect of prolacting and HCS before birth

Back 28

Estrogen and progesterone

Front 29

Milk contains

Back 29

Lipids, sugars, proteins and immunoglobulins (IgA)

Front 30

Proteins in milk are secreted by ______ secretion into the lumen of the alveolus

Back 30

Merocrine secretion

Front 31

Lipds secrete by

Back 31

Apocrine secretion

Front 32

Collustrum is a ___ fat ___ protein secretion that is produced right after birth

Back 32

low; high

Front 33

Collustrum contains ____ which confers _____

Back 33

secretory IgA; passive immunity

Front 34

After birth, lactation is mainted by the hormone _____

Back 34

prolactin

Front 35

The proiduction of _____ is inhibited by suckling

Back 35

Prolacting inhibitory factor (PIF)

Front 36

_____ is the hormone responsable for the milk ejection reflex

Back 36

Oxytocin

Front 37

_____ of the mammary gland occurs when the infant weans

Back 37

Regression

Front 38

____ of the mammary gland occurs after menopause because of the reduction in estrogen

Back 38

Involution

Front 39

In chronic cyst disease:

Back 39

Intralobular ducts loose their continuity with with the remainder of the duct system and and fluid filled cysts are formed

Front 40

_____ is the most common male breast disorder

Back 40

Gynecomastia

Front 41

Gynecomastia is ______

Back 41

an increase in one's breast tissue

Front 42

Most breast carcinomas arise from the __________

Back 42

lactiferous ducts

Front 43

Breast cancer at stage 0 is called

Back 43

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Front 44

DCIS is confined to the _____

Back 44

ducts and has not spread to fatty tissues

Front 45

DCIS can be detected with a _____

Back 45

mammogram

Front 46

The most common type of breast cancer accounting for 80 percent of all cases

Back 46

infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC)

Front 47

IDC starts in the duct and breaks through the wall of the duct invading ______

Back 47

fatty tissue

Front 48

This cancer starts in the milk glands and can spread to other parts of the body

Back 48

Infiltrating lobular caricnoma (ILC)

Front 49

Men may develop ____

Back 49

IDC