Study your flashcards anywhere!
Download the official Cram app for free >
- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Read
Toggle OnToggle Off
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
A key: Read text to speech.a key
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 orders of Afrotheria
|
-Proboscidea
-Sirenia -Hyracoidea -Macroscelidea -Tubulindentata -Afrosoricida |
|
Proboscidea
|
F: elephantidae
G: Elephas (Asiatic) G: Loxodonta (African) -6 cheek teeth, 2-3 exposed at a time -back to front tooth replacement |
|
Sirenia
|
F: Trichechidae
G: Trichechus -warm oceans/freshwater -back to front tooth replacement -sister group to elephants |
|
Hyracoidea
|
-F: Procaviidae
-G: Procavia -unique friction pads - climb on steep rocks -hyraxes |
|
Macroscelidea
|
-elephant shrews
F: Macroscelididae G: Macroscelides -small and cursorial |
|
Tubulindentata
|
-aardvark
F: Orycteropidae G: Orycteropus -myrmecophagous |
|
Afrosoricida
|
-F: Tenrecidae (tenrex)
-F: Chrysochloridae (golden moles) |
|
Xenarthra
|
-South American
-Edentates - teeth reduced or absent -xenarthrous processes -strong, robust spines F: Myrmecophagidae F: Bradypodidae |
|
Myrmecophagidae
|
-anteaters
-G: Myrmecophaga -G: Tamandua -hyoid apparatus - skeletal support for tongue -teeth absent -myrmecophagous adaptations |
|
Bradypodidae
|
G: Bradypus (three-toed sloth)
-arborial foliavore -low BMR -heterothermic, eat constantly -dense fur |
|
Boreoutheria
|
-all eutherians except Afrotheria and Xenarthra
|
|
Orders in Euarchontoglires
|
-Rodentia
-Lagomorpha -Primates -Dermoptera -Scandentia |
|
Orders in Laurasiatheria
|
-Cetartiodactyla
-Perissodactyla -Pholidota -Carnivora -Chiroptera -Insectivora |
|
Rodentia
|
-most diverse group
-chisel-like, ever growing incisors -enamel restricted to anterior surface, dentine posterior (self-sharpening) -SO: Hystricognathi and Scuirognathi |
|
SO Hystricognathi (families)
|
-jaw like a porcupine
F: Erethizontidae F: Hydrochaeridae F: Bathyergidae |
|
Erethizontidae
|
-new world porcupines
G: Coendu G: Erethizon-native to N. America |
|
Hydrochaeridae
|
G: Hydrochaeris (capybara)
-largest living rodent - up to 75 kg |
|
Bathyergidae
|
-mole rats
-fossorial -increasingly complex social behavior G: Heterocephalus (naked mole rat) --eusocial (castes) |
|
SO Sciurognathi (families)
|
-jaw like a squirrel
-Sciuridae -Heteromyidae -Geomyidae -Muridae |
|
Sciuridae
|
-squirrels
-everywhere except Australia -Spermophilus beldingi |
|
Heteromyidae
|
-pocket mice and kangaroo rats
-increasingly saltatorial locomotion -increasing desert adaptations -G: Microdipodops (kangaroo mice) --most saltatorial and desert-adapted |
|
Geomyidae
|
-pocket gophers
-external fur-lined cheek pouches -extremely fossorial -G: Thomomys --fusiform body --fossorial adaptations --procumberent incisors (stick through lips) |
|
Muridae
|
-mice and rats
-Subfamilies: Sigmadontinae and Arvicolinae |
|
Sigmadontinae
|
-new world rats and mice
-G: Reithrodontonys |
|
Arvicolinae
|
-voles and lemmings
-G: Microtus longicaudus --semi-fossorial --regular population cycles |
|
Lagomorpha
|
-rabbits
-second pair of incisors behind first pair -sister group to rodents F: Leporidae - rabbits and hares --Lepus townsenii (white-tailed jackrabbit) --adapted for cursorial locomotion -extremely fenestrated rostrum |
|
Primates
|
-evolved from arboreal ancestors
-2 suborders: Strepsirhini and Hablorhini |
|
Strepsirhini
|
-lemurs
F: Lemuridae (Madagascar) --Lemuri cata |
|
Hablorhini
|
-anthropoid primates
F: Callithricidae (tamarins and marmosets) --entirely neotropical --Neonopithicus brasilia (golden tamarin) F: Hominidae (great apes) --all except humans used to be in family Pongidae |
|
Dermoptera
|
-F: Cynocephalidae (colugos)
-G: Cynocephalus --gliding membrane from wrists to ankles --comb-like upper incisor for grooming |
|
Scandentia
|
-tree shrews
F: Tupaidae G: Tupaia |
|
Insectivora
|
-F: Soricidae (shrews)
--Sorex vagrans (wandering shrew) --G: Blarina (short-tailed shrews) ---venomous saliva |
|
Chiroptera
|
-bats "hand wing"
-powered flight - flight membrane betweeen digits Two suborders: Megachiroptera and microchiroptera |
|
Megachiroptera
|
-flying foxes, fruit bats
F: Pteropodidae G: Rosettus -large eyes, crepuscular -do not echolocate (excetp Rosettus) |
|
Microchiroptera
|
-echolocating forms
-nocturnal F: Phyllostomidae (new world leaf-nosed bats) F: Vespertilionidae |
|
Phyllostomidae
|
-new world leaf-nosed bats
-great diversity in feeding behavior -extreme flexibility in renal physiology -Artibeus jamaicensis - fruitivorous -Desmodus - sanguinivorous --blade-like incisor --saliva contains anticoagulant and anesthetic |
|
Vespertilionidae
|
-insectivorous
-Euderma (spotted bat) |
|
Carnivora
|
-majority meat-eaters
-carnassial teeth (adapted for shearing meat) --4th upper premolar, 1st lower molar -includes seals, sea lions, walruses F: Phocidae (true seals) G: Mirounga (elephant seals) F: Procyonidae (raccoons) G: Bassariscus (ringtail) |
|
Pholidota
|
-scaly anteaters = Pangolins
F: Manidae G: Manis -myrmecophagous -ligaments that attach tongue to pelvis -sphincter muscle in ear -presence of scales composed of agglutinized hair |
|
Cetartiodactyla
|
terrestrial forms and aquatic forms
-cetacea and artiodactyla |
|
terrestrial cetartiodactylans
|
-third/fourth digits greatly lengthened
-lateral digits reduced -metapodials fused into canon bone -ungula modified into hoof (homolog for fingernail) -herbivorous, some omnivorous -multi-chambered stomach = ruminants |
|
terrestrial families of certartiodactyla
|
F: Suidae (hogs)
-omnivorous -lack multi-chambered stomach G: Sus (domestic hog) F: Giraffidae G: Giraffa --horns on parietal bone, never erupt G: Phacochaeris (warthog) --tusks - modified upper incisors |
|
marine forms of cetardiodactyla
|
-sister group to hippopotamids
-fusiform body shape -front limb modified into flipper -hind limb lost - vestigial pelvic girdle -nares rotated to top of head -2 groups: mysticete and odontocete |
|
Mysticete whales
|
-baleen whales
-baleen = keratinized sheets F: Balaenopteridae G: Megaptera (humpback whale) G: Balaenoptera (blue whale) |
|
Odontocete whales
|
-toothed whales
-F: Delphinidae (dolphins and porpoises) -Orcinus orca (killer whale) |
|
Perissodactylae
|
-odd-toed ungulates
-3rd digit expanded into single hoof -sometiems 4th and 5th digits still present -1st and 5th digit extremely reduced or lost -herbivorous - large diastema |
|
Perissodactylae families
|
-Rhinoceratidae
-G: Ceratotherium (white rhino) --keratinized horn on tip of snout F: Equidae G: Equus -Equus greveyi (Grevey's zebra) |