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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
rhinirium |
nose |
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nostrils |
external nares |
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characteristics of a primate |
friction ridges, brachiating motion, plantigrade, stereoscopic vision (enlarged visual cortex) |
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parvorder of humans, great apes, and chimps |
Haplorhini - external nares point down |
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most diverse parvorder with primates whose external nares point to the sides; found only in S. and Cntrl America |
platyrhini |
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Parvorder that includes tarsiers, lemurs, & lorises; hairy, dry rhinirium; crescent shaped nares |
Strepsirhini |
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feature that separates strepsirhini from all other primates |
strepsirhini - post orbital bar All others - post orbital plate strepsirhini - NOT spatulate |
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Where are strepsrhini most often found? |
Madagascar |
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what makes lemurs unique? |
tooth comb hairy rhinirium |
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features of a primate skull |
prominant zygomatic arch well developed auditory bulla |
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what is the class most closely related to primates? |
Insectivora |
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pottoes |
closely related to loris |
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what makes primates and insectivora similar? |
developed on every continent except Australia |
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What makes primates and insectivora different? |
primates have slow reproduction and long life spans |
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what order used to be included with primates? |
Dermoptera - flying lemurs |
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what were the first adaptions for arboreal life? |
separates tibia/fibula long hand/foot digits maintained claws |
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what is the best know primate fossil |
squirrel-like genus Plesiodapis lived in N America and Europe |
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where did the most ancestral primate originate? |
tropics before migrating northward |
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what primates are included in strepsirhini? |
lemurs, lorises, tarseirs |
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family of lorises and pottos |
loridae - nocturnal, giant eyes |
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Facts about tarseirs |
froglike fingers eyes heavier than brain |
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other name for oragantan |
pongo |
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which primate is a good example of sexual dimorphism? |
orangatan |
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what is a bad mineral |
coltan |
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what are red pandas related to? |
NOTHING |
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Order for anteaters and armidillos |
Xenartharns |
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features of xenartharns |
weak mandibular attachment tongue reached to back of sternum strong forearms low Basal Metabolic Rate (low nutrient diet) |
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what is weird about the fairy armidillo |
tail can cover butt |
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order for sloths and some anteaters |
pilosa |
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features of aardvark |
"Earth pig" Own order Burrower in African savanna fleshy rostrum with many tendrils harvest/farm cucumbers underground |
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mermecophagous |
termite/ant eater |
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characteristics of mermecapagous |
long, sticky tongue surrounded by large salivary glands |
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Feature that help mermecaphagous fight ants |
armored stomach (muscular) may contain stones eyelid membranes can close everything |
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class for whales and hippos |
whippomorph |
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features of hippo |
giant jaws, enlarged body w/ short limbs |
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tail fluke |
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order for whales and porpoises |
Cetacea |
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History of cetacea |
after dinosaurs coastal sediments of AL, FL, Africa |
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andrewsarchus; related to ancestor of cetacea |
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suborders of whales |
Mysticeti (Baleen) Odontoceti (toothed) (65% of population) |
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characteristics of whales |
hide like a tire fusiform body shape (aided by blubber) almost all hair lost (embryos have vibrissae &humpbacks have bristles) No external genetalia added phalanges but reduced arm bones fluke used for swimming; flipper prevent yawing no hind limbs chevron bones on ventral surface caudal vertebrae (more muscle) |
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thermoregulation of whales |
large body size blubber located in hypodermis (thickness varies with season) counter-current heat exchangeat extremities |
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whale adaptions for diving |
largest dive deepest large amounts of MYOGLobIN in muscle tissue lungs are small and collapse over 100m depth air remains in rigid cartilage bronchii rapid exhale bradycadia: slowing of heart rate to <50 b/min peripheral circulation decreases and visceral stays constant |
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diet of cetaceans |
carnivores stomach has 3 chambers |
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what do odonticeti have that mysticeti do not |
melon and teeth |
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SAD |
seasonal affective depression symptoms consistent with depression |
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home range |
area that animal forages, rests, and breeds hebivores smaller than carnivores males larger than females |
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station keeping |
animal OCD |
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ranging |
movement outside home range |
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dispersal |
leaving home range to find new things |
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polygonous |
multiple females to one male |
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poly androus |
mink; many males to one female |
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why migrate? |
latitudinal save energy during winter |
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homing |
how animals navigate home leave trail, landmarks, stellar or magnetic compass, neural spatial processing |
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microhabitat |
shared by population |
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macrohabitat |
shared by all organisms in habitat |
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Nidic territory |
female's space, including nest/den |
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Arena territory |
meeting place for mating |
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class of elephants, hyraxes |
subungulate |
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3 orders inluded in subungulates |
Proboscidea Sirenia Hyracoidea |
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ancestor of subungulates |
condylarth |
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synapomorphies of all orders of subungulates |
clavicle is absent claws reduced to flat nails 4 digits on front foot all are hind-gut fermentors (microflora found in cecum |
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what 2 orders of subungulates have molars with horizontal replacement |
proboscidea and sirenia |
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characteristics of proboscidae |
named for probocis found only in Africa and India morphology: massive skeleton, skull has pneumatic cavities (holes in bones), short neck, limbs are graviportal (limited flexibility trunk |
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2 species of elephantidae |
African and India |
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synapomorphies of both elephantidae species |
gestation 22 months lactation 3-4 years body size increases continually with age (males of 30-50 yrs are most successful musth (male go cray over females in heat) intra-specific communication too low for us to hear |
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what is the ancestor of elephantidae |
MAMMOTH Mastodons are related |
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features of Indian Elephant (Elephas) |
small ears, rounded back, 1-lipped trunk |
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features of African elephant (loxodonta) |
large ears, high shoulder, 2 - lipped trunk |
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Aquatic carnivore synapomorphies |
flippers ave elongated digit bones |
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what are walruses, sea lions, and seal related to, respectively? |
bears (URSIDS) canids weasels (MUSTELIDS) |
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Mongoose diet |
ophiophagous |
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C? |
Medial Cruciate Ligament |
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I? |
Posterior Cruciate Ligament |
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D? |
Anterior Cruciate Ligament |
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Attached to F? |
Lateral Cruciate Ligament |
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how do you tell if something is dog-like or cat-like? |
cat-like: partition in auditory bulla dog-like: no partition in auditory bulla |
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characteristics of a carnivore skull |
carnassial pair (enlarged molars) C shaped mandibula fossa |
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herbivore vs carnivore |
look at teeth |
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scientfic name meaning "tooth-walking sea horse"; only 2 natural predators - polar bears and orcas |
walrus |
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tongues as long as bodies; scales made of keratin, myrmecophagous |
pangolin
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scientific name meaning hidden anus; can rotate ankles to climb down; top predators in Madagascar |
Fossa |
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Killed for horns used in Chinese Medicine; coat changes in winter; large nose that helps filter air |
Saiga |
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Related to Elephants, very precocial, tusk-like upper incisors |
Hyrax |
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Facial coloration identifies healthy mates, almost strictly arboreal |
Uakari |
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Large nose to amplify sounds; eating ripe fruit could be fatal due to sttomach bloating |
Proboscis monkey |
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common carotid artery |
supplies blood to brain |
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internal jugular vein |
drains blood from brain
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vagus nerve |
innervates heart and digestive tract |