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89 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

rhinirium

nose

nostrils

external nares

characteristics of a primate

friction ridges, brachiating motion, plantigrade, stereoscopic vision (enlarged visual cortex)

parvorder of humans, great apes, and chimps

Haplorhini - external nares point down

most diverse parvorder with primates whose external nares point to the sides; found only in S. and Cntrl America

platyrhini

Parvorder that includes tarsiers, lemurs, & lorises; hairy, dry rhinirium; crescent shaped nares

Strepsirhini

feature that separates strepsirhini from all other primates

strepsirhini - post orbital bar


All others - post orbital plate




strepsirhini - NOT spatulate

Where are strepsrhini most often found?

Madagascar

what makes lemurs unique?

tooth comb


hairy rhinirium

features of a primate skull

prominant zygomatic arch


well developed auditory bulla



what is the class most closely related to primates?

Insectivora

pottoes

closely related to loris

what makes primates and insectivora similar?

developed on every continent except Australia

What makes primates and insectivora different?

primates have slow reproduction and long life spans

what order used to be included with primates?

Dermoptera - flying lemurs

what were the first adaptions for arboreal life?

separates tibia/fibula


long hand/foot digits


maintained claws

what is the best know primate fossil

squirrel-like genus Plesiodapis lived in N America and Europe

where did the most ancestral primate originate?

tropics before migrating northward

what primates are included in strepsirhini?

lemurs, lorises, tarseirs

family of lorises and pottos

loridae - nocturnal, giant eyes

Facts about tarseirs

froglike fingers


eyes heavier than brain

other name for oragantan

pongo

which primate is a good example of sexual dimorphism?

orangatan

what is a bad mineral

coltan

what are red pandas related to?

NOTHING

Order for anteaters and armidillos

Xenartharns

features of xenartharns

weak mandibular attachment


tongue reached to back of sternum


strong forearms


low Basal Metabolic Rate (low nutrient diet)

what is weird about the fairy armidillo

tail can cover butt

order for sloths and some anteaters

pilosa

features of aardvark

"Earth pig"


Own order


Burrower in African savanna


fleshy rostrum with many tendrils


harvest/farm cucumbers underground

mermecophagous

termite/ant eater

characteristics of mermecapagous

long, sticky tongue


surrounded by large salivary glands

Feature that help mermecaphagous fight ants

armored stomach (muscular)


may contain stones


eyelid membranes


can close everything

class for whales and hippos

whippomorph

features of hippo

giant jaws, enlarged body w/ short limbs

tail fluke

order for whales and porpoises

Cetacea

History of cetacea

after dinosaurs


coastal sediments of AL, FL, Africa

andrewsarchus; related to ancestor of cetacea

suborders of whales

Mysticeti (Baleen)


Odontoceti (toothed) (65% of population)

characteristics of whales

hide like a tire


fusiform body shape (aided by blubber)


almost all hair lost (embryos have vibrissae &humpbacks have bristles)


No external genetalia


added phalanges but reduced arm bones


fluke used for swimming; flipper prevent yawing


no hind limbs


chevron bones on ventral surface caudal vertebrae (more muscle)

thermoregulation of whales

large body size


blubber located in hypodermis (thickness varies with season)


counter-current heat exchangeat extremities

whale adaptions for diving

largest dive deepest


large amounts of MYOGLobIN in muscle tissue


lungs are small and collapse over 100m depth


air remains in rigid cartilage bronchii


rapid exhale


bradycadia: slowing of heart rate to <50 b/min


peripheral circulation decreases and visceral stays constant

diet of cetaceans

carnivores


stomach has 3 chambers

what do odonticeti have that mysticeti do not

melon and teeth

SAD

seasonal affective depression


symptoms consistent with depression

home range

area that animal forages, rests, and breeds


hebivores smaller than carnivores


males larger than females

station keeping

animal OCD

ranging

movement outside home range

dispersal

leaving home range to find new things

polygonous

multiple females to one male

poly androus

mink; many males to one female

why migrate?

latitudinal


save energy during winter

homing

how animals navigate home


leave trail, landmarks, stellar or magnetic compass, neural spatial processing

microhabitat

shared by population

macrohabitat

shared by all organisms in habitat

Nidic territory

female's space, including nest/den

Arena territory

meeting place for mating

class of elephants, hyraxes

subungulate

3 orders inluded in subungulates

Proboscidea


Sirenia


Hyracoidea

ancestor of subungulates

condylarth

synapomorphies of all orders of subungulates

clavicle is absent


claws reduced to flat nails


4 digits on front foot


all are hind-gut fermentors (microflora found in cecum

what 2 orders of subungulates have molars with horizontal replacement

proboscidea and sirenia

characteristics of proboscidae

named for probocis


found only in Africa and India


morphology: massive skeleton, skull has pneumatic cavities (holes in bones), short neck, limbs are graviportal (limited flexibility


trunk

2 species of elephantidae

African and India

synapomorphies of both elephantidae species

gestation 22 months


lactation 3-4 years


body size increases continually with age (males of 30-50 yrs are most successful


musth (male go cray over females in heat)


intra-specific communication too low for us to hear

what is the ancestor of elephantidae

MAMMOTH


Mastodons are related

features of Indian Elephant (Elephas)

small ears, rounded back, 1-lipped trunk

features of African elephant (loxodonta)

large ears, high shoulder, 2 - lipped trunk

Aquatic carnivore synapomorphies

flippers ave elongated digit bones

what are walruses, sea lions, and seal related to, respectively?

bears (URSIDS)


canids


weasels (MUSTELIDS)

Mongoose diet

ophiophagous

C?

C?

Medial Cruciate Ligament

I?

I?

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

D?

D?

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Attached to F?

Attached to F?

Lateral Cruciate Ligament

how do you tell if something is dog-like or cat-like?

cat-like: partition in auditory bulla


dog-like: no partition in auditory bulla

characteristics of a carnivore skull

carnassial pair (enlarged molars)


C shaped mandibula fossa

herbivore vs carnivore

look at teeth

scientfic name meaning "tooth-walking sea horse"; only 2 natural predators - polar bears and orcas

walrus

tongues as long as bodies; scales made of keratin, myrmecophagous

pangolin


scientific name meaning hidden anus; can rotate ankles to climb down; top predators in Madagascar

Fossa

Killed for horns used in Chinese Medicine; coat changes in winter; large nose that helps filter air

Saiga

Related to Elephants, very precocial, tusk-like upper incisors

Hyrax

Facial coloration identifies healthy mates, almost strictly arboreal

Uakari

Large nose to amplify sounds; eating ripe fruit could be fatal due to sttomach bloating

Proboscis monkey

common carotid artery

supplies blood to brain

internal jugular vein

drains blood from brain


vagus nerve

innervates heart and digestive tract