Mammalogy Exam 1

Front 1

The binomial nomenclature classification was developed by:

-Charles Lyell
-Thomas Malthus
-Charles Darwin
-Mark Lewis
-Carolus Linneaus

Back 1

Carolus Linneaus

Front 2

Among early important mammalogists, Joseph Grinnell was noted for:

-The volume classifying the mammals of the world
-Development of the home range concept
-History and ecology of mammals
-Concept of the niche
-Encouraging women to be mammalogists

Back 2

The concept of the niche

Front 3

Mammalogy as a science does NOT use:

-Modern genetics to understand phylogenetic relationships
-RNA for evolutionary classification studies
-Theory of evolution by natural selection
-Taxonomy to organize mammals into groups
-Preserved specimens in museums for classification

Back 3

RNA for evolutionary classification studies

Front 4

The malleus bone in mammals is derived from:

-Quadrate in reptiles
-Articular in reptiles
-Dentary in reptiles
-Incus in reptiles
-Angular in reptiles

Back 4

Articular in reptiles

Front 5

The Therapsids have been divided into two suborders. They are:

-Theriodonts and anomodonts
-Cynodontia and therocephalia
-Gorgonopsia and anomodonts
-Cynodontia and anomodonts
-Dinocephalia and theriodonts

Back 5

Theriodonts and anomodonts

Front 6

The origin of most extant mammalian orders occurred in which geologic period?

-Mesozoic
-Paleozoic
-Jurassic
-Eocene
-Permian

Back 6

Eocene

Front 7

Which of the following temporal openings in the skull represent the mammalian line:

-Anapsid
-Synapsid
-Diapsid
-Conapsid
-Triapsid

Back 7

Synapsid

Front 8

In early reptiles, which lower jaw bone became a bone in the middle ear of mammals?

-Dentary
-Occipital
-Parietal
-Quadrate
-Stapes

Back 8

Quadrate

Front 9

In early therians, the trigonid consists of which three cusps?

-Paracone, hypocone, protocone
-Paracone, metacone, hypocone
-Hypocone, metaconule, protocone
-Metacone, protocone, paracone
-Metaconule, paracone, paraconule

Back 9

Metacone, Protocone, Paracone

Front 10

A museum specimen called a "spirit" specimen represents:

-Tissue and fluid specimens in a jar
-A bone
-A study skin
-Fossils collected in a jar
-DNA in a blot

Back 10

Tissue and fluid specimens in a jar

Front 11

The Biological Species Concept can't always be used in mammalogy because:

-Sometimes species don't hybridize
-Sometimes populations are geographically isolated
-Species are difficult to identify
-Convergence can lead to dissimilar characteristics
-There can be no barrier to gene flow

Back 11

Sometimes populations are geographically isolated

Front 12

Pelycosaurs are considered on the evolutionary lineage to mammals because:

-They ate only plants
-They were around in the Jurassic period
-They evolved from Cynodontia
-They are not amniotes
-They had a single lateral temporal opening

Back 12

They had a single lateral temporal opening

Front 13

Multituberculata were:

-An early eutherian line that ultimately died out
-Herbivores that lived in the Eocene period but died out
-Carnivores and lived in the Jurassic period
-An anapsid mammal
-Herbivores that did not have any lower incisors

Back 13

Herbivores that lived in the Eocene period but died out.

Front 14

PIT tags (Passive Integrated Transponders) are used to:

-Locate animals in the field
-Identify animals in the field
-Track the home range of animals
-Determine the genetic make up of animals
-Provide information about an animal's reproductive status

Back 14

Identify animals in the field.

Front 15

To record behavioral characteristics of an animal, one might:

-Perform a focal animal sampling technique
-Perform a mark-recapture study
-Record its BMR
-Perform a radiotelemetry study
-Put a PIT tag in the animal

Back 15

Perform a focal animal sampling technique

Front 16

Metabolic rate recordings of mammals:

-Involves a respirometer to measure oxygen consumption
-Involves single labeled water that must be injected into the animal
-Must be done at night to make sure the animals are quiet
-Must be done at low ambient temperature
-Can't be dont on mammals that hibernate

Back 16

Involves a respirometer to measure oxygen consumption

Front 17

Anatomical trends from mammal-like amniotes to mammals include:

-The presence of mammary glands
-An increase in the number of carpal and tarsal bones
-The presence of true homodont dentition
-A change from one to two occipital condyles
-The limbs of the pectoral girdle being greatly reduced

Back 17

A change from one to two occipital condyles.

Front 18

A secondary palate was a major evolutionary event for mammals because:

-It allowed mammals to feed on meat
-It increased the number of bones in the skull
-It allowed for the separation of air and food while feeding
-It allowed for an aquatic lifestyle
-It was only seen in anomodontia

Back 18

It allowed for the separation of air and food while feeding.

Front 19

Which of the following morphological characteristics is related to a fossorial lifestyle?

-Patagium
-Large eyes
-Echidna spines
-Epipubic bones
-Large incisors external to the lips

Back 19

Large incisors external to the lips

Front 20

In recent times, which of the following groups have moved from South America to North America?

-Rodents
-Carnivores
-Didelphidae
-Lagomorphs
-Soricidae

Back 20

Didelphidae

Front 21

What sense does the platypus use while foraging?

-Electroreception
-Hearing
-Sight
-Smell
-Touch

Back 21

Electroreception

Front 22

A zebra's whiskers are _______, while a zebra's mane is ________.

-Angora growth; definitive growth
-Fur; angora growth
-Velli; wool
-Vibrissae; bristles
-Vibrissae; spines

Back 22

Vibrissae; Bristles

Front 23

Cynodonts had which characteristic of recent mammals?

-Vesicular gland
-Placenta
-External scrotum
-Heterodont teeth
-Secondary palate

Back 23

Secondary palate

Front 24

The outer most part of a tooth is composed of ______.

-Enamel
-Dentine
-Cementum
-Pulp
-Amalgam

Back 24

Enamel

Front 25

The Prototheria differ from all other living subclasses of mammals in that they:

-Lay eggs
-Are extinct
-Have primitive placentas and give birth to highly undeveloped young
-Have embryonic diapauses
-Don't have a secondary palate

Back 25

Lay eggs

Front 26

Thecodont teeth are:

-Usually in a shallow depression on the jaw
-Multiple rooted
-Not usually replaced
-Teeth that are set in a socket
-Monophyodontic

Back 26

Teeth that are set in a socket

Front 27

Which word describes a jumping or bounding form of locomotion?

-Saltatorial
-Fossorial
-Amphibious
-Arboreal
-Cursorial

Back 27

Saltatorial

Front 28

The incisors of the Rodentia remain useful despite tremendous amount of wear because they are:

-Closed-rooted
-Open-rooted
-Dipodiont
-Deciduous
-Don't have enamel on them

Back 28

Open-rooted

Front 29

Which of the following characteristics is found ONLY in present day mammals and in ALL species of present day mammals?

-Pinnae
-4-chambered heart
-Enucleate erythrocytes
-Viviparous reproduction
-Cloaca

Back 29

Enucleate erythrocytes

Front 30

A venom gland occurs in some:

-Thecodontia
-Monotremes
-Marsupials
-Cynodonts
-Pleyosauria

Back 30

Monotremes

Front 31

Which of the following terms describes traits present in two species that were inherited from a recent shared ancestor?

-Homology
-Parallelism
-Convergence
-Homoplasy
-Outgroup

Back 31

Homology

Front 32

The main function of vibrissae is:

-Insulation
-Protection
-Tactile receptors
-All of the above
-None of the above

Back 32

Tactile receptors

Front 33

A seasonal molt is found in:

-Desert animals
-Fossorial animals
-Many arctic animals
-Tropical animals
-Semi-aquatic animals

Back 33

Many arctic animals

Front 34

Which of the following is the major sense used by the star-nosed mole while feeding?

-Sight
-Electroreception
-Olfaction
-Hearing
-Touch

Back 34

Touch

Front 35

Relative to placentals, marsupials have ______ gestation periods and ______ lactation periods.

-Long; short
-Short; short
-Short; long
-Long; long
-Equal

Back 35

Short; Long

Front 36

The difference between antlers and horns is that:

-Only bovids have antlers
-Antlers are always shed
-Horns can't be used to tell the age of the animal
-Both sexes always have antlers
-Horns are used for fighting and antlers are not

Back 36

Antlers are always shed

Front 37

An extant mammal with the following dental formula 1/1 0/0 2/2 3/3 is probably a:

-Carnivore
-Insectivore
-Herbivore
-Fruitivore
-Omnivore

Back 37

Herbivore

Front 38

Which of the following order of mammals has horizontal tooth replacement?

-Cynodontia
-Chiroptera
-Diprotodontia
-Proboscidea
-Rodentia

Back 38

Proboscidea

Front 39

Which of the following orders is NOT found in Colorado?

-Sirenia
-Rodentia
-Lagomorpha
-Artiodactyla
-Didelphimorpha

Back 39

Sirenia

Front 40

A placental mammal that is carnivorous will usually have:

-Hypsodont teeth
-Carnassial teeth
-Tribosphenic teeth
-Selenodont teeth
-Brachyodont teeth

Back 40

Carnassial teeth

Front 41

A mammal that maintains the condition found in the direct ancestor to placental and marsupial mammals will have:

-Hypsodont teeth
-Tribosphenic teeth
-Selenodont teeth
-Carnassial teeth
-Brachyodont teeth

Back 41

Tribosphenic teeth

Front 42

Toothed whales have _______ teeth.

-Polyphyodont
-Selenodont
-Carnassial
-Brachyophyodont
-Monophyodont

Back 42

Monophyodont

Front 43

The tribosphenic tooth is distinguished from those of primitive mammals in having a:

-Paracone and metacone
-Protoconoid and metaconoid
-Protocone and hypocone
-Paraconid and metaconid
-Protocone and talonid basin

Back 43

Protocone and hypocone

Front 44

Which mammals have more than two replacement sets of teeth?

-Soricidae--Shrews
-Delphinidae--Dolphins
-Trichechidae--Manatees
-Myrmecophagidae--Anteaters
-None of the above

Back 44

Trichechidae--Manatees

Front 45

Which of the following mammals are edentulous?

-Trichechidae--Manatees
-Orycteropodidae--Aardvarks
-Delphinidae--Dolphins
-Pteropodidae--Fruit bats
-Myrmecophagidae--Anteaters

Back 45

Myrmecophagidae--Anteaters

Front 46

A sanguinivore feeds primarily on:

-Fruit
-Seeds
-Nectar
-Leaves
-Blood

Back 46

Blood

Front 47

In fully aquatic mammals, the:

-Pectoral girdle is greatly reduced or lost
-Pelvic girdle is greatly reduced or lost
-Entire vertebral column is fused
-Thoracic vertebrae lack spines
-Blubber is fairly thin

Back 47

Pelvic girdle is greatly reduced or lost

Front 48

The most energetically costly form of locomotion (per gram) is:

-Flying
-Swimming
-Hopping
-Running
-Trotting

Back 48

Running

Front 49

A mammal that is a mycophagy feeder eats:

-Seeds
-Mushrooms
-Leaves
-Meat
-Oats

Back 49

Mushrooms

Front 50

The practice of coprophagy is practiced in which of the following orders?

-Lagomorpha
-Hyracoidea
-Artiodactyla
-Microbiotheria
-Chiroptera

Back 50

Lagomorpha

Front 51

The name for the land mass whose breakup ultimately led to the divergence of mammals was called:

-East Gondwanaland
-Laurasia
-Pangaea
-Eurasia
-India

Back 51

Pangaea

Front 52

The foregut fermentor has a:

-Simple stomach
-3 chambered stomach
-4 chambered stomach
-Short intestine
-Long intestine

Back 52

4-chambered stomach

Front 53

Monogastric or hindgut fermentation occurs in which orders?

-Perissodactlya
-Rodentia
-Proboscidea
-Hyracoidea
-All of the above

Back 53

All of the above

Front 54

A mammal with a simple stomach, short intestine, and small cecum is most likely a:

-Ruminant herbivore
-Carnivore
-Hindgut fermentor
-Insectivore
-Sanguinivore

Back 54

Carnivore

Front 55

The primary purpose of the epidermis is:

-To increase water lass across the skin
-To contain glands for maintaining ion balance
-To prevent dessication and damage to the underlying dermis
-To promote blood flow for heat loss and heat gain
-To give coloration to the animal

Back 55

To prevent dessication and damage to the underlying dermis

Front 56

The patagium is used in what form of locomotion?

-Volant
-Burrowing
-Swimming
-Ricocheting
-Climbing

Back 56

Volant

Front 57

As mammals increase in body mass, their energetic cost of locomotion (per gram)

-Goes down
-Goes up
-Stays the same
-Depends on form of locomotion
-Can't be determined

Back 57

Goes down

Front 58

All mammals have seven cervical vertebrae except:

-Rabbits and hares
-Sloths and manatees
-Gophers and moles
-Tapirs and hyraxes
-Pangolins and armadillos

Back 58

Sloths and manatees

Front 59

A diagnostic difference between monotremes and marsupials is that:

-Marsupials laid eggs
-Monotremes have a marsupium
-The cochlea is not coiled in monotremes
-Only marsupials have epipubic bones
-Only monotremes have a corpus callosum

Back 59

The cochlea is not coiled in monotremes.

Front 60

Compared to eutherian mammals, marsupial mammals have:

-Complex behavioral patterns
-A long intrauterine gestation periods
-A long lactational period
-A placenta with villi to help nourish the embryo
-A great immune system

Back 60

A long lactational period.