Malnutrition

Front 1

uncomplicated starvation

Back 1

inadequate intake of calories and nutrients

Front 2

adaptive starvation

Back 2

body adapts to other fuel sources

Front 3

Stage 1

Back 3

0-4 hours glucose provided from diet

Front 4

Stage 2

Back 4

4-24 hours brain uses glucose from glycogen stores

Front 5

stage 3

Back 5

16-48 hours gluconeogenesis increases -alanine glutamine main energy sources. brain uses glucose

Front 6

stage 4

Back 6

days 2 to 24 basal metabolic rate lowers. fat oxidation provides fatty acid ketone bodies. brain adapts to use ketones and glucose

Front 7

stage 5

Back 7

24 until fat is used up. fatty acids and ketones become main energy source. gluconeogenesis occurs at low rate. low insulin and incraesed glucagon allow release of fat and protein. brain mainly uses ketones

Front 8

stage 6

Back 8

when fat is used up. gluconeogenesis becomes major fuel source= kidney becomes major organ for glucose production . body rapidly uses up protein stores

Front 9

maramus

Back 9

protein and energy deficiency
somatic protein stores depleted

Front 10

kwashiorkor

Back 10

severe wasting in presence of edema. inflammatory state
visceral protein decimated

Front 11

marasmus signs

Back 11

old man face normal hair thin muscle and fat

Front 12

albumin normal

Back 12

marasmus and adaptive starvation

Front 13

starvation related malnutrition

Back 13

without inflammation. < 75% energy needs 3 months. rapid wt loss. mild to severe fat loss fluid accumulation

Front 14

chronic disease related malnutrition

Back 14

inflammation present mild to moderate degree. (organ failure, pancreatic cancer, sarcopenic obesity) < 75% over a month. incease wt loss fat and muscle loss

Front 15

acute disease or injury related nutrition

Back 15

inflammation is acute or severe (major infeciton, burn, trauma) <75% 7 days . wt loss mild to moderate fat loss . mild to mod fluid accumulation