Maley 2011: Neuroembryology

Front 1

Telencephalon develops into the adult...?

Back 1

Basal ganglia
Lateral ventricles

Front 2

Diencephalon develops into the adult...?

Back 2

Third ventricle
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

Front 3

Mesencephalon develops into the adult...?

Back 3

Red nucleus
Cerebral aqueduct

Front 4

Metencephalon develops into the adult...?

Back 4

Pons
Cerebellum
Fourth ventricle

Front 5

Myelencephalon develops into the adult...?

Back 5

Medulla
Fourth ventricle
Central canal

Front 6

Functions of BMPs
(three)

Back 6

"Bone morphogenic proteins" secreted by ectodermal cells

-Encourage epidermal development while inhibiting neural plate development

-Encourage differentiation of alar plate cells into somatosensory neurons of dorsal horn

-Induce secretion of slug by neural crest cells

Front 7

Function of chordin

Back 7

Secreted by notochord

-Inhibit BMPs, thus inducing neural plate development

Front 8

Function of noggin

Back 8

Secreted by notochord

-Inhibit BMPs, thus inducing neural plate development

Front 9

Function of Shh

Back 9

"Sonic hedgehog" secreted by notochord

-Creates gradient across basal plate of neural tube; cells with higher concentration of Shh become motor neurons, while areas with lower concentrations become motor interneurons

Front 10

Function of slug

Back 10

Secreted by neural crest cells

-Inhibits CAMs

Front 11

Function of CAMs

Back 11

"Cellular adhesion molecules"

-Inhibited by slug, thus allowing neural crest cells to detach from the ectoderm and migrate into the mesoderm

Front 12

Define the "ventricular layer of the closed neural tube".

Back 12

Neuroblasts nearest the lumen of the neural tube; undergo mitosis and spread outward into the mantle layer; gives rise to both glial cells and neurons

Front 13

Define the "mantle layer of the closed neural tube".

Back 13

Neuroblasts in the middle of the three neural tube cell layers; mature and differentiate into the grey matter of the CNS

Front 14

Define the "marginal layer of the closed neural tube".

Back 14

Neuroblasts on the exterior of the neural tube; mature and differentiate into the myelinated cell processes of the neurons (white matter), which are extending out into the mesoderm

Front 15

Define "alar plate"

Back 15

Thickened portion of dorsal side of the enclosed neural tube; destined to become the sensory neurons of the dorsal horn

Front 16

Define "basal plate"

Back 16

Thickened portion of ventral side of the enclosed neural tube; destined to become the motor neurons of the ventral horn

Front 17

Define "roof plate"

Back 17

Thin layer of cells connecting the two lateral masses of the alar plate; destined to become pathways for decussating nerve fibers

Front 18

Define "floor plate"

Back 18

Thin layer of cells connecting the two lateral masses of the basal plate; destined to become the pathways for decussating nerve fibers

Front 19

Define "sulcus limitans"

Back 19

Bilateral longitudinal groove along the length of the neural tube lumen; does not persist in the mature CNS except in some regions of the brain

Front 20

What are the three cell layers of the embryo prior to CNS development?

Back 20

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm