Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Two main functions of male reproductive system |
-production/development, maturation and transport of spermatozoa -Synthesis of hormones (i.e. testosterone) |
|
|
Four major parts of the male reproductive system |
Testes, genital ducts, accessory glands, penis |
|
|
As we course inferiorly, what does the external oblique turn into? |
Buck's fascia of the penis and external spermatic fascia on the spermatic cord and testes |
|
|
What does the internal oblique m. turn into? |
Cremaster muscle |
|
|
What is Scarpa's fascia called on the penis? Surrounding the testes? |
superficial penile fascia (penis); Dartos fascia (scrotal) |
|
|
What does the transversalis fascia turn into? |
Internal spermatic fascia on the spermatic cord/testes |
|
|
When do testes usually descend by? |
by birth |
|
|
Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum: what are the stats for later descent? |
Cryptorchidism -80% descend within the first year of life -True incidence is ~1% |
|
|
Extension of mesenchyme attached to the inferior surface of the testes, will contract and pull testes down |
Gubernaculum |
|
|
Layer of peritoneum that is also pulled down with the testes and all of its muscular/fascial coverings |
Processus vaginalis |
|
|
Processus vaginalis will fuse to become what: |
Tunica vaginalis (has a parietal and visceral layer) |
|
|
Does tunica vaginalis completely wrap around the teste? |
No, because of the way it is pulled down, it only goes up to the epididymis |
|
|
Hard, rigid layer inside of tunica vaginalis |
Tunica albuginea- send out septa between the lobules in the teste |
|
|
How many lobules per teste? |
Roughly 250 |
|
|
These are the sites of sperm production in the lobules |
Seminiferous tubules (4-5 per lobule) |
|
|
Where the sperm will go after the production in the seminiferous tubues |
Retes testis |
|
|
Peritubular cells and what they are the site of: |
Leydig cells; site of testosterone production |
|
|
Combined length of one of seminiferous tubules of one teste: |
250 meters |
|
|
Characteristics of the peritubular compartment: |
Many Leydig cells; smooth ER, lipid compartments, mitochondria
All important for synthesis of testosterone (steroid) |
|
|
Where does spermatogenesis occur? |
Within the seminiferous epithelium |
|
|
What are the two subsets of spermatogenesis? |
-Spermatocytogenesis -Spermiogenesis |
|
|
What is encompassed in spermatocytogensis? |
From the spermatogonium up to and including the secondary spermatocyte |
|
|
What is spermiogenesis? |
Stages of differentiation and maturation of the sperm cell starting with the spermatid phase |
|
|
Is the mature sperm haploid or diploid? |
Haploid |
|
|
Is the primary spermatocyte haploid or diploid? |
Diploid |
|
|
Is the secondary spermatocyte haploid or diploid? |
Haplois |
|
|
What stage signifies the end of spermatocytogenesis? |
Early spermatid
(Secondary spermatocyte is the last phase in spermatocytogenesis) |
|
|
Around the periphery of the seminiferous tubules, you will find: |
Spermatogonia |
|
|
Where will you find the spermatids? |
More medially in seminiferous tubule-- toward the center of the tubule |
|
|
These will send out cytoplasmic extensions in the seminiferous tubules and engulf developing gametes to provide a proper microenviornment for development |
Sertoli cells
Also clear extra cytoplasm released by the gametes; make androgen-binding protein ABP |
|
|
What is the role of androgen binding protein during spermatogenesis? |
will bind testosterone and then concentrate testosterone to drive spermatogenesis |
|
|
Cell that nurses the gametes through spermatogenesis |
Sertoli cells |
|
|
What protects the developing gametes from immunological response? |
Tight junctions between the sertoli cells creating a blood-testes barrier |
|
|
What is the process of spermiogenesis? |
Multiple cellular changes/morphological changes-- development of the spermatid to mature sperm |
|
|
Purpose of the enzyme |
Contains enzyme to diffuse the ovulating egg |
|
|
What does it mean that spermatogenesis in humans is mosaic? |
Scattered arrangement of the developing sperm (orderly wave in virtually all animals except the human) |
|
|
4 things that regulate the temperature of the testis |
Testis located outside of the body Superficial testicular artery Contraction of dartos (cremaster--can pull testes closer to the body) Counter-current exchange mechanism of blood flow provided by the pampiniform plexus |
|
|
How does the superficial testicular artery play in to keeping the temperature around 33 degrees Celsius in the teste? |
Because it is superficial, can diffuse heat easily |
|
|
This carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the head of the epididymis |
Retes testis |
|
|
What kind of cells do you find in the retes testis? |
Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli and monocilia |
|
|
What kind of cells compose the epididymis? |
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with prominent smooth muscle layer
(convoluted, ~10-20 ft in length) |
|
|
What is the function of stereocilia in lumen of ductus epididymis? |
Fluid resorption |
|
|
What structure has three layers of smooth muscle? |
Ductus deferens
-Is a larger more organized version of the epididymis -Folds for expansion -capable of strong peristaltic contraction (sympathetic NS) |
|
|
Vasectomy: What is it and possible complications |
Cauterization of vas deferens; if both ends are not properly cauterized, possible to still impregnate |
|
|
What is the product of the seminal vesicle? |
Produces the majority of the ejaculate (contains spermatazoa-activating substances such as fructose, citrate, inositol, prostaglandins and several proteins) |
