Male Reproductive System

Front 1

General functions fo the a male reproductive system.

Back 1

A. Reprodictive: Produce and transport sperm/semen for fertilization of ovum.
B. Encocrine: Produce/secrete Androgens for male sexual organs and traits.

Front 2

What are the primary sex organs of the male?

Back 2

Gonads = 2 Testes

Front 3

What are the secondary/ Accessory sex organs?

Back 3

Epididymis
Vas Deferenses
Seminal Vesicles
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostate gland
Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands
Penis
Scrotum

Front 4

Location of the Testes

Back 4

L:Suspended by the Spermatic Cord within the Scrotum posterior/inferior to penis

Front 5

Structure of Testes

Back 5

4 x 2.5 cm ovoids weighing about 10 grams
Divided by septa into about 250-300 lobules

Front 6

What is in the lobule

Back 6

1-3 highly convoluted Seminiferous Tubules
A. Thick outer
Germinal epithelium layer made up of(specialized stratified epithelium)
B. Seminiferous tubules which unite to form the Rete Testes.
C. Rete Testes via several ductules gives rise to Epidydymis.

Front 7

The Germinal epithelium contains 2 type of cells, what are they?

Back 7

Spermatogenic cells which give rise to spermatozoa via spermatogenesis
Nurse (Stertoli's) cells which support spermatogenic cells

Front 8

Stertoli's cells

Back 8

Support spermatogenic cells with nourishment
Produces Inhibin that regulates the rate of sperm production.

Front 9

Inhibin

Back 9

Regulates the rate of sperm production.

Front 10

Seminiferous tubules

Back 10

Unite to form Rete Testes

Front 11

Rete Testes

Back 11

Via several ductules gives rise to Epidydymis.

Front 12

Leydig Cells

Back 12

Lay among the seminiferous tubules

Front 13

Function of Testes

Back 13

Spermatogenesis and Androgenesis

Front 14

Spermatogenesis

Back 14

Sperm production within seminiferous tubules at puberty

Front 15

Spermatogenesis

Back 15

Sperm production within seiminiferous tubules at the on set of puterty.

Front 16

What is the spermatogenesis process?

Back 16

The spermatogonid (2n)>Primary spermatocyte (2n)>Secondary spermatocyte (n)>spermatids (n)> spermatozoa(n)

Front 17

Meiosis 1

Back 17

Occurs during transition from primary to secondary sparmatocyte

Front 18

Meiosis II

Back 18

Occurs during transition from secondary spermatocyte to spermitid

Front 19

Structure of Spermatozoa

Back 19

a)HEAD- contains the Nucleus (23 chromosomes) and is covered by Acrosome (Lysosome)containing enzymes, e.g. Hyaluronidase
B) BODY-Contains large numbers of Mitochondria for energy.
C) TAIL- Flagelllum for propelling sperm through female system.

Front 20

Spermatogenesis is stimulated by what

Back 20

Folllilcle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) secreted by the Anterior Pituitary gland, Testosterone, and ABP beginning at the onset of puberty

Front 21

What is Androgenesis

Back 21

The production of Testosterone by Leydig Cells
A) Stimulated by Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secreted by Anterior pituitary.
B) Testosterone stimulates G/D of Primary and secondary reproductive organs,and the G/D of the secondary sexual traits such as body hair, libido and erythropoiesis.

Front 22

Gubernacululm

Back 22

enables the descent of the testes from the pelvic cavity by guiding the testes and the Vas deferens through the Inguinal Canal to the Scrotum

Front 23

Cryptochidism

Back 23

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum.

Front 24

Epididymis

Back 24

6m of tightly-coiled thread like tube
Located superior/posterior/lateral surface of the testes
Structure: Smooth muscular walls lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
Function: Sperm storage and Maturation of immature spermatozoa into viable/mobile spermatozoa.

Front 25

Vas Deferens

Back 25

A muscular tube 45 cm long
L: Contained within the Spermatic Cord, Which passes through the inguinal canal, superior and posterior to the urinary bladder joining ejaculatory duct of prostate.
S: Smooth muscular walls lined wigh ciliated col. epi and distal ampulla
F:propel mature sperm by peristalsis/cillary action to prostate gland

Front 26

Spermatic Cord

Back 26

Made up of the Vas Deferens, blood vessels, lymph vesssels, nerves,and the Cremaster Muscle

Front 27

Cremasteric reflex

Back 27

Pulls the testes closer to the body for proper thermoregulation of spermatogenesis (~35* C)

Front 28

Seminal Vesicles

Back 28

5-7 cm of finger-shaped glands
L: Join the Vas Diferens at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder
S: Specialized glandular epithelial lining

Front 29

Function fo the Selminal Vesicles

Back 29

Secrete thick Alkaline fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins
A) regulates the pH of semen
B) Provides~60% of semen's volume
C) Fructose nourishes sperm
D) Prostaglandin helps sperm travel

Front 30

Ejaculatory Duct

Back 30

Formed by the junction of seminal vesicles and the vas deferenses

Front 31

Location of the Ejaculatory Duct

Back 31

Passes through superior/dorsal portion of the
prostate gland

Front 32

Structure of the Ejaculatory duct

Back 32

~2 cm oneg tube

Front 33

Function of the Ejactulatory duct

Back 33

Transport semen into the Urethra

Front 34

Prostate gland

Back 34

4x3 cm chestnut-shaped gland

Front 35

Location of the prostate gland

Back 35

Immediately inferior/juxtaposed to the urinary bladder

Front 36

Structure of the prostate gland

Back 36

Specialized glandular epi. surrounded by smooth muscle and conn, tiss containing ejaculatory duct and prostatoc urethra

Front 37

Function of the prostate gland

Back 37

A) Helps excete urine via the prostatic urethra
B) Secretes a thin alkaline fluid into the semen/urethra at ejaculation that provides ~30% of the semens volume and therefore helps establish the necessary alkaline pH of semen

Front 38

Prostate disorders

Back 38

Prostatitis = A bacterial infection/inflammation which impedes urination

Prostate cancer = Cancerous growth in prostate tissue

Front 39

Cowper's Gland
(Bulbourethel)

Back 39

A pea-sized gland located inferior to prostate gland and lateral to the urethra, made up of specialized glandular epithelium with 2.5 cm duct at the membranous urethra.
It secretes mucous-like alkaline fluid that helps nutralize the acidic urethra

Front 40

What stimulates Spermatogenesis

Back 40

Follilcle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)is secreted by the Anterior Pituitary gland, Testosterone, and ABP beginning at the onset of puberty

Front 41

What is Androgenesis

Back 41

The production of Testosterone by Leydig Cells
A) Stimulated by Luteinizing Hormone (LH) secreted by Anterior pituitary.
B) Testosterone stimulates G/D of Primary and secondary reproductive organs, G/D of the secondary sexual traits such as body hair, Libido and erythroopoiesis.

Front 42

Gubernacululm

Back 42

enables the descent of the testes from the pelvic cavity by guiding the testes and the Vas deferens through the Inguinal Canal to the Scrotum

Front 43

Cryptochidism

Back 43

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum.

Front 44

Epididymis

Back 44

6m of tightly-coiled thread like tube
Located superior/posterior/lateral surface of the testes
Structure: Smoothmuscular walls lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
Function: Sperm storage and Maturation of innature spermatozoa into viable/mobile spermatozoa.

Front 45

Vas Diferens

Back 45

The Vas diferens is a muscular tubing contained within the spermaticcord which passes through the inguinal canal, superior and posterior to the urinary bladder joining the ejaculatory duct of the prostate

Front 46

Spermatic Cord

Back 46

Consists of the vas deferns, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves and Cremaster Muscle

Front 47

Cremasteric reflex

Back 47

The Cremasteric reflex pulls the testes closer to the body for proper thermoregulation of spermatogenesis (~35 degrees C)

Front 48

Structure and of the Vas Diferens

Back 48

Smooth muscular walls lined with ciliated col. epi. with distal Ampulla.
Its function is to propel mature sperm by peristalsis/ciliary action to the prostate gland

Front 49

Location and structure of the Seminal vesicles

Back 49

Finger-shaped glands 5-7 cm long
made up of specialized glandular epithelial lining.
It joins the vas deferens at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder.

Front 50

Function of the Seminal Vesicles

Back 50

Secrete thick Alkaline fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins
Regulates pH of semen
Provides~60% of the semen's volume
Fructose nourishes sperm
Prostaglandin helps sperm travel.

Front 51

Ejaculatory Duct

Back 51

Formed by the junction of the seminal vesicles and vas deferenes
It passes through the superior and dorsal portion of the prostate gland
S:Tube ~2cm long
F: Transports semen into the Urethra

Front 52

Location and composition of the Prostate gland

Back 52

A chestnut-shaped gland 4x3cm
L: Immediately inferior/juxtaposed to the Urinary bladder
Made up of specialized glandular epi. surrounded by smooth muscle and conn. tiss.

Front 53

Function of the prostate gland

Back 53

Helps excrete urine via the prostatic urethra
Secretes thin alkaline fluid into the semen/urethra at ejaculation and provides ~30% of the semen's volume and therefore, helps establish the necessary alkaline pH of the semen

Front 54

Prostate disorders

Back 54

Prostatitis= A bacterial infection/inflammation which impedes urination
Prostate cancer= Cancerous growth in the prostate tissue.

Front 55

Cowper's (Bulbourethral) Glands

Back 55

A pea sized gland inferior to the prostate gland and lateral to the urethra
Made up of specialized glandular epithelium with 2.5 cm duct at the membranous urethra
Its function is to secrete mucous-like alkaline fluid that helps neutralize acidic urethra.

Front 56

Urethra

Back 56

Shared by both the reproductive and urinary systems
L: Urinary, Prostatic, Membranous, and penil urethra
S: A tube ~20cm long
F: Separately passes urine or semen

Front 57

What is the composition of Semen

Back 57

~5-10% sperm and~90-95%alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins.

Front 58

What are the extrenal secondary sex organs

Back 58

Scrotum and penis

Front 59

Location and function of the Penis

Back 59

The penis is both a urinary and copularory organ.
It hangs suspended from the perineum anterior to the scrotum and testes
F; Conveys urin at the micturition and semen during sexual intercourse (Coitus)

Front 60

Structure of the Penis

Back 60

A cylindrical organ containing root, shaft, glans, and prepus ~8-? cm long
The Root is the internal half of the penis
Shaft is the extrnal protion containing 3 columns of erectile tissue individually covered by a vibrous Tunica called the Albuginea. The Albuginea consists of 2 dorsal larger corpora cavernosa with dorsal and deep artry
1 ventral smaller Corpus Spongiosum containing the penile urethra
The Glans, Which is the distal enlargeed head containing many pleasure nerve endings and extrnal urinary meatus
The prepuce is the foreskin of protection by often is removed at birth.

Front 61

Scrotum

Back 61

A pouch of skin
L: Hanging below the groin behind penis
S: Unattached integument containing smooth muscles (dartos muscle) and a subcutaneous layer containing no adipose tissue unattached integument
It houses the testes outside the body for proper sprmatogenic temp. (~35 degrees C)
Cold stimulates the Cremaster and Dartos Muscle to contract and pull the testes toward the body for proper thermoregulation of spermatogenesis.

Front 62

Erection

Back 62

A parasympathetic refles during sexual arousal.
Process: Afferent arterioles entring erectile tissue dilate while efferent arterioles leaving the erectile tissue constrict- thus filling erectile tissue with blood

Front 63

Ejaculation

Back 63

A sympathetic propulsion of sperm at the peak of sexual arousal
Quantity= ~3-5 ml containing ~50-120 million sperm per milliliter
Process:Sympathetic spinal reflex causes proweful peristalsis within the duct system- thus propelling sperm into the vagina (?) for fertilization

Front 64

Infertility

Back 64

Inability to induce fertilization caused by either a deficiency of spermatozoa ( low sperm count) from cryptorchidism, ofchitis, agrochemicales, ect or anatomical defects of spermatozoa for genetics, radiaton can also cause infertility.