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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gonads
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testes in males and ovaries in female
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Ovaries
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produce female gametes or sex cells (egg cells or ova) and sex hormones
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Testes
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Produce male gametes or sex cells (sperm cells or speratozoa) and sex hormones
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Ducts
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store and transport gametes
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Accessory sex glands
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produce substances that protect the gametes and facilitate their movement.
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Supporting structures
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penis
uterus assist the delivery and joing of gametes and in females, the growth of the fetus during pregnancy |
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Scrotum
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supporting structure of testes
a sac consisting of loos skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the root of the penis. |
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Scrotum
(structure) |
loose skin and conn. tissue
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Scrotal raphe
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a medial ridge that separates the lateral portions of scrotum.
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Scrotal septum
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divides scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a single testis.
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Dartos muscle
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consists of superficial fossa and muscle tissue composed of bundles smooth muscles fibers
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Cremaster muscle
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a small band of skeletal muscle in the spermatic cord that is a continuation of int. oblique muscle, elevates that testes upon exposure to cold and relaxes in response to warmth.
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Scrotum
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Scrotal raphe
Scrotal septum Dartos muscle Cremaster muscle |
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Scrotum
(FUNCTION) |
Support
Temp. regulation for sperm production |
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Testes (male gonads)
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paired oval glands in scrotum
develop near the kidneys and usually begin their descent into the scrotum through inguinal canals |
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Development and descent (TESTES)
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Begins in embryo high in post. abdominal wall
begin to descent in the later half of the 7th month of development. |
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Investing tissues
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Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albunginea |
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Tunica vaginalis
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A serous membrane which is derived from the peritenium and forms during descent of the testes, partially covers the testes.
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Tunica albunginea
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int. to tunica vaginalis is a dense white fibrous capsule composed of dense irr. conn. tissue
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Lobules
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divide each testis into a series of internal compartments
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Cremaster muscle
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suspender
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Seminiferous tubules (1-3 per tubule)
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3 tightly coiled tubules where sperm is produced
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Spermatogenesis
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process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm
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Spermatogenesis
(process) |
Sperm cells develop initially from germ stem cells known as spermatogonia. As these differentiate they go through the following stages:
spermatocytogenesis (creation of spermatocytes): mitosis of spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes meiosis of primary spermatocytes into haploid secondary spermatocytes spermatidogenesis (creation of spermatids through mitosis of secondary spermatocytes) spermiogenesis (creation of spermatozoa through further development of spermatids). |
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Spermatogonia
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sperm production begins at the periphery of the seminiferous tubules in stem cells called _________.
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Primary spermatocyte
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diploid cell and have 46 chromosomes
it enlarges and then begins meiosis |
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Secondary spermatocyte
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The two cells formed by meiosis I
each cell has 23 chromosomes the haploid number. made up of 2 chromotids still attached by a centromere |
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Spermatids
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four haploid cells resulting from meiosis II
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Sperm cells (spermatozoa)
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A mature gamete cell
develops from spermatids |
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Sperm cells (spermatozoa)
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Head
Middle piece Tail (flagellum) |
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Head of sperm
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The flattened, pointed part of the sperm.
Consists of: Nucleus Acrosome |
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Acrosome of sperm
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Covers the ant. 2/3 of nucleus
a caplike vesicle filled with enzymes (hyaluronidase and proteases) that help a sperm to penetrate a secondary oocyte to bring about fertilization. |
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Nucleus of sperm
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Contains a highly condensed haploid chromosome (23)
ant. 2/3 is covered by acrosome |
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Middle piece
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contains mitochondria arranged i a spiral, which provide energy (ATP) for locomotion of sperm to site of fertilization and sperm metabolism
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Tail (flagellum)
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subdivided into four groups:
neck middle piece principal piece end piece |
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neck
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the constricted region just behind the head that contains centrioles
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principal piece
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the longest portion of the tail
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end piece
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the terminal, tapering portion of the tail.
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Sustentacular (sertoli) cells
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secrete inhibin
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Interstitial endocrinocytes (interstitial cells of leydig)
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cells secrete testosterone (adrenogen)
spaces btwn adjacent seminiferous tubules are clusters of cells |
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Testosterone
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Dev. of sex organs
Stimulates bone growth Protein anabolism Sexual behavior Sperm production Secondary sexual characteristics |
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Ducts that convey sperm cells(spermatozoa)
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Ducts within the testes
Epididymus |
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Ducts within the testes
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Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules Rete testis |
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Epididymus
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didvided into head, body and tail portions
Efferent ducts Ductus epididymus |
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Ductus (vas) deferens or seminal duct
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Spermatic cord passes throught the inguinal canal
dilated "ampulla of ductus (vas) deferens" at terminal end of cord - at post. surface of urinary bladder. In female, the round ligament passes through the inguinal canal |
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Ductus (vas) deferens or seminal duct
(LENGTH) |
Ap. 18"
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Spermatic cord consists of :
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Testicular artery and vein
Autonomic neurons Lymphatic vessels Cremaster muscle Ductus (vas) deferens or seminal duct |
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Ejaculatory ducts
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ap. 1"
Formed by union of 2 ducts: Vas deferens Seminal vesicles |
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Ejaculatory ducts
(Function) |
They eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions just before the release of the semen from the urethra to the exterior.
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Urethra
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ap. 8"
shared terminal duct of the redproductive and urinary systems serves as a passageway form both semen and urine passes throught the prostate, the urogenital diaphragm, and the penis. divides into 3 parts: Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra |
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Prostatic urethra
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passes through the prostate
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Membranous urethra
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passes through the deep perineal muscles
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Spongy urethra
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passes through the corpus spongiosum
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external urethral orifice
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spongy urethra end here
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