Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
testes
|
Site of sperm and testosterone
production. |
|
|
tests location and why
|
outside the body cavity in the Scrotum because sperm require lower-than-body temperature for development
|
|
|
tests are divided into _______ which contain ______ and _______ cells that ____ ___ ______ __________.
|
Lobules which contain Seminiferous Tubules and Interstitial (Leydig) cells that produce and secrete testosterone.
|
|
|
decent of testes
|
testes pass from the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal into the scrotum
|
|
|
The Inguinal Rings open through the _______ of the _____ _____ (_______) makes the area more ______ __ ________.
|
open through the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles (external and internal obliques and transversus abdominus) which makes the area more prone to herniation.
|
|
|
crytorchidism
|
failure of 1 or both tests to descent (sperm do not develop normally)
|
|
|
spermatogenisis
|
At puberty, hormones
trigger the seminiferous tubules to produce large amounts of testosterone and begin sperm production. |
|
|
spermatids
|
(cells produced during meiosis) develop an acrosome and flagellum and are maintained by Sertoli (Nurse) Cells.
|
|
|
sertoli (nurse) cells
|
produce the blood-testis barrier.
Decreases during aging, but does not normally stop. |
|
|
epididymus
|
site of sperm maturation and storage
|
|
|
vas deferens
|
Carries sperm cells from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity.
Found inside the Spermatic Cord (also contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves). |
|
|
ejaculatory duct
|
Joins the Vas Deferens and the Seminal Vesicle and contains smooth muscle to force semen out of the urethra during ejaculation.
|
|
|
urethra
|
Extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis and is the passageway for urine and semen.
|
|
|
prostatic urethra
|
portion that passes through prostate. Ducts (15-30) empty prostatic secretions into the urethra.
|
|
|
membranous urethra
|
Extends through the muscular floor of the pelvis.
|
|
|
spongy urethra
|
Passes through the penis (contain mucus-secreting cells
|
|
|
penis
|
Functions in urination and as a vehicle for injecting sperm into the female reproductive tract.
|
|
|
erectile tissue (3 types)
|
Becomes engorged with blood.
1. Corpora Cavernosa 2. Corpus Songiosum 3. Crus and Bulb |
|
|
glans penis
|
End of corpus spongiosum (covered by prepuce unless circumsized).
|
|
|
seminal vesicles
|
Produce about 60% of semen.
Secretion contains fibrinogen (clotting). (clots keep it up in the vagina) High pH (keeps sperm alive) |
|
|
prostate gland
|
Produces about 30% of semen.
Contain clotting factors, and fibrinolysin (breaks clot). (released so vagina can get back to normal secretions.) High pH |
|
|
bulbourethral gland
|
Contribute about 5% to semen.
Mucous secretions for lubrication Helps neutralize pH of female vagina. |
|
|
mucus secreting cells
|
-Contribute most of the remaining 5% to semen.
-Found lining the urethra. |
|
|
semen
|
secretions of all accessory glands and cells plus sperm cells.
|
|
|
emission
|
Discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra.
The internal sphincter of the urinary bladder constricts so semen and urine do not mix. |
|
|
ejaculation
|
forceful expulsion of semen from urethra (caused by peristalsis).
Temporary coagulation as fibrinogen becomes fibrin then fibrinolysin breaks up the coagulation. Sperm swim up vagina. |
|
|
Before birth, placenta secretes Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) hormone
which |
stimulates secretion of testosterone by fetal testes. (hCG is what PT tests for)
|
|
|
puberty
|
age at which individual become capable of sexual reproduction because the pituitary produces large amounts of GnRH.
GnRH stimulates LH and FSH secretion |
|
|
testosterone
|
Most comes from the interstitial cells of testes with small amounts coming from the adrenal glands.
|
|
|
testosterone causes
|
“Secondary Sexual Characteristics” (i.e. facial hair, increased RBC production, etc.) as well as sperm production.
Testosterone levels decrease slowly during aging, but do not normally decrease rapidly. |
