Male Reproductive System

Front 1

What is the organization of the testis? (5)

Back 1

1) produce sperm
2) produce male sex hormones
3) produce seminal fluid
4) propel sperm and seminal fluid (semen) to exterior
5) copulation

Front 2

What is the 2 functions of the testis?

Back 2

1) produce sperm
2) secrete tesosterone

Front 3

What is in the CT stroma of the testes? (3)

Back 3

1) tunica albuginea
2) septa
3) mediastinum testes

Front 4

What is the purpose of the tunica albuginea?

Back 4

cover the testis

Front 5

What is the purpose of the mediastinum testes?

Back 5

contain rete testes that connect seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts of the testes

Front 6

What is in the parenchyma of the testes?

Back 6

1) seminifeous tubules
2) interstitial cells of leydig

Front 7

What are the two main components of the testes?

Back 7

1) CT stroma
2) parenchyma

Front 8

What is the purpose of the seminiferous tubules?

Back 8

produce sperm

Front 9

What are the two parts of the seminiferous tubules?

Back 9

1) convoluted portion
2) straight portion

Front 10

What occurs in the convulted portion?

Back 10

contains seminiferous epithelium where sperm production occurs

Front 11

What occurs in the straight portion? (tubuli recti)

Back 11

1) connect the convuluted portion with the rete testis in mediastinum
2) lined by non sperm forming cuboidal epithelium

Front 12

What occurs in the interstitial cells of Leydig?

Back 12

produce testosterone

Front 13

What are the interstitial cells of Leydig?

Back 13

clusters of CT between the seminiferous tubules

Front 14

What is prominent in the interstitial cells of Leydig?

Back 14

-SER
-mitochondria with tubular cristae
-lipid droplets

Front 15

What two types of cells are in the seminiferous tubules?

Back 15

1) sertoli cells
2)spermatogenic cells

Front 16

What kind of cells are the sertoli cells?

Back 16

1) tall
2) columnar
3) go from basement membrane to lumen of seminferous tubule

Front 17

What is the product of the sertoli cells?

Back 17

androgen binding protein to concentrate testosterone made by interstitial cells

Front 18

What do the adjacent sertoli cells form?

Back 18

blood-testis barrier which divides the seminiferous epithelium into basal and luminal compartments

Front 19

What is in the basal vs luminal compartment of the sertoli cells?

Back 19

1) cells in early stages of spermatogenesis- similar to tissue fluid
2) cells in later stages of spermatogenesis - unique microenvironment antigenic isolation and high testosterone

Front 20

What is important about the luminal compartment of the sertoli cells?

Back 20

protect cells against tissue fluid such as antibodies

Front 21

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

Back 21

1) diploid spermatogonia
2) mitosis
3) primary spermatocytes + more spermatogonia
4) meosis I
5) haploid
6) secondary spermatocytes
7) meoisis II
8) spermatids
9) cytodifferentiation
10) spermatozoa

Front 22

Where does reductional division occur in spermatgoensis?

Back 22

from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte via meiosis I

Front 23

When does equational division occur?

Back 23

from secondary spermatocytes to spermatids via meosis II

Front 24

What is the largest germ cell?

Back 24

primary spermatocytes

Front 25

Which is the shortest lasting cell cycle stage?

Back 25

secondary spermatocyte

Front 26

What are the cytodifferentiation steps you go to to get to spermiogenesis?

Back 26

1) intracellular bridges break down
2) nucleus condenses and elongates
3) acrosome forms
4) acrosome is large vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes
5) flagellum form

Front 27

What is spermiation?

Back 27

release of spermatzoa from sertoli cell into lumen of seminiferous tubule

Front 28

What is the course of the sperm within the testis?

Back 28

1) seminiferous tubules convuluted produce sperm
2) seminiferous tubule straight portion connects convoluted portion to rete testis
3) rete testis connects to efferent ducts
4) efferent ducts leads to duct of epidydymis

Front 29

How does the efferent duct change from the rete testis to the epidydimis?

Back 29

1) alternating simple epithelium with scalloped border - tall ciliated and shorter cuboidal
2) ducts become highly coiled forming coni vasculosi
3) conus vasculosi form head of epidiydymus

Front 30

What is the function of the efferent duct?

Back 30

propel spermatozoa and resorb testicular fluid

Front 31

Once you are in the epididymus what structure have you left?

Back 31

testis

Front 32

What are the three components of the epididymis?

Back 32

head
body
tail

Front 33

What two structures does the head of the epididymus contain?

Back 33

1) efferent ducts (coni vasculosi)
2) duct of epididymis

Front 34

What is the histology of the duct of the epididymis?

Back 34

1) highly coiled tube
2) tall psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Front 35

What are the three functions of the epidiymis?

Back 35

1) store sperm
2) absorb excess testicular fluid
3) move sperm toward ductus deferns

Front 36

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

Back 36

convey and propel sperm from duct of epididymis to ejaculatory duct of prostate

Front 37

What is the histology of the ductus deferens?

Back 37

1)mucosa - psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
2)thick muscularis externa with 3 layers

Front 38

What is in the spermatic cord?

Back 38

1) spermatic artery
2) pampinerform plexus
3) nerve plexus

Front 39

What does the ductus deferns lead to?

Back 39

ejaculatory duct --> urethra

Front 40

What are the three genital glands?

Back 40

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

Front 41

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Back 41

provides bulk of seminal fluid including fructose, citrate, proteins, prostaglandins, sperm coagulating factors

Front 42

What is the histology of the seminal vesicle? (2)

Back 42

1)paired glands lying posterior to urinary bladder
each gland composed of single highly tortuous tube lined with psuedostratified columnar epithelium
2)luminal surface has complex folds

Front 43

Where is the prostate located?

Back 43

around the prostatic urethra

Front 44

What is the prostate composed of?

Back 44

psuedostratified columnar epithelium that make up tons of glands

Front 45

What is the function of the prostate?

Back 45

secrete thin milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase as well as hydrolytic enzymes like PSA

Front 46

What is PSA?

Back 46

serine protease and fibinolysin

Front 47

What are the four components of the penis?

Back 47

1)-2) paired corpus cavernosa
2) corpus spongiosum
3) tunica albuginea
4) thin skin covering

Front 48

What artery is involved in the erection process? where is it located?

Back 48

deep artery and helicine arteries in corpus cavernosa?

Front 49

What nervous activity causes an erection?

Back 49

parasympathetics cause dilation of deep and helicine artery

Front 50

Where is the penile urethra located?

Back 50

corpus spongiosum

Front 51

What is the two components of the penile urethra? (2)

Back 51

1) peudostratified columnar epithelium --> moist stratified sqaumous epithelum near opening
2) glands of Littre

Front 52

What is located in the glands of littre?

Back 52

mucous secreting glands that provide lubrication for ejaculate

Front 53

What regulates spermatogensis?

Back 53

follicle stimulating hormone

Front 54

What regulates the secretion of testosterone from interstitial cells of leydig?

Back 54

leutinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone