Male Organs And Pelvis

Front 1

What is a pelvis?

Back 1

the lower portion of the continuous abdominopelvic cavity

Front 2

By what structure is the greater and lesser pelvis separated?

Back 2

pelvic brim or pelvic inlet

Front 3

what is the linea terminalis?

Back 3

iliopectineal line and sacral promontary

Front 4

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

Back 4

pubic symphysis ( inferior), ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx

Front 5

what makes up the pelvic outlet anteriorly?

Back 5

pubic arch

Front 6

what makes up the pelvic inlet?

Back 6

pubic crest (anteriorly), iliopectineal line (laterally), sacral alae and sacral promontory (posteriorly)

Front 7

is the false/greater pelvis above the pelvic brim?

Back 7

above

Front 8

what are the boundaries of the false pelvis?

Back 8

behind it: lumbar vertebra; on the sides: iliacus muscles, iliac fossae; in front: lower abdominal wall

Front 9

The pelvic girdle articulates anteriorly at the?

Back 9

pubic symphysis

Front 10

the pelvic girdle articualtes posteriorly at the sacrum at ____ joints?

Back 10

sacroiliac joints

Front 11

what is the anatomical position of the bony pelvis?

Back 11

vertical alignment of the asis and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis

Front 12

what is the horizontal anatomical position of the bony pelvis?

Back 12

tip of coccyx and the upper margin of the pubic symphysis

Front 13

in what plane does the urogenital triangle lie?

Back 13

transverse (across)

Front 14

in what plane does the anal triangle lay?

Back 14

coronal (vertical) plane

Front 15

Name all the joints of the pelvis

Back 15

sacroiliac, pubic symphysis, sacrococcygeal joint

Front 16

what type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Back 16

fibrocartilage

Front 17

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Back 17

synovial, between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the iliac bones

Front 18

what type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint?

Back 18

cartilaginous, bt the first body of the coccyx and the last sacral

Front 19

what is the iliolumbar ligament?

Back 19

ligament that connects the transverse process of L5 to the iliac crest

Front 20

wat is the function of the iliolumbar ligaments?

Back 20

limit rotation of the LV5 on sacrum and prevent anterior gliding of LV5 on the sacrum

Front 21

what structure does the sacrotuberous ligament create?

Back 21

since it connects the sacrum to the tubercle of the ischium= lesser sciatic foreman

Front 22

what structure does the sacroiliac ligament create?

Back 22

since it connects the sacrum to the spine of the ischium= greater sciatic foreman

Front 23

what function do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments serve?

Back 23

prevent sacrum from being pushed inferiorly and pelvis rotate anteriorly

Front 24

Which pelvis ( F/M) is more shallower?

Back 24

female

Front 25

what is the shape of the female pelvis?

Back 25

oval

Front 26

Are ischial tuberosities inverted/everted in females or males?

Back 26

everted

Front 27

what shape is the sacrum in females?

Back 27

shorter, wider and flatter

Front 28

what shape is the pubic arch in females?

Back 28

wider and rounder

Front 29

what is the goal of the pelvc diaphragm?

Back 29

to separate the pelvic cavity from the perineum

Front 30

What joint is subject to sprain and inflammation?

Back 30

the sacroiliac

Front 31

Sacroiliitis may occur in association with an injury, infection or as part of a ?

Back 31

spondyloarthropathy

Front 32

Where is pain if there is injury to the sacroiliac joint?

Back 32

referred pain to the butt, posterior thigh, and groin

Front 33

the presence of what increases movement of the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints, faciliating childbirth?

Back 33

relaxin and hormones during pregnancy

Front 34

Where does the piriformis muscles connects and originates?

Back 34

sacrum to the greater trochanter

Front 35

does the piriformis muscle exit the pelvis through the greater or lesser sciatic notch?

Back 35

greater

Front 36

what are the innervations and functions of the piriformis muscle?

Back 36

S1 and s2 inferior rami ( nerve to piriformis). Functions is: lateral rotator of the hip, abducts thigh

Front 37

Obturator internus muscles leaves through which foreman?

Back 37

lesser sciatic foreman

Front 38

where does the obturator internus muscle attach?

Back 38

greater trochanter

Front 39

what nerve is innervates obturator internus?

Back 39

L5 and s1, nerve to obturator internus

Front 40

the inferior pelvic diaphragm contains which two sets of muscles?

Back 40

levator ani and ischio-coccygeus

Front 41

injury to the pelvic diaphragm muscles during childbirth will result in ?

Back 41

loss of support of pelvic viscera: prolapse of the internal pelvic organs including UTERUS, VAGINA, URINARY BLADDER AND/OR RECTUM

Front 42

From where does the tendinous arch come from?

Back 42

a fascia over the obturator internus muscle

Front 43

why is the tendinous arch incomplete anteriorly in females?

Back 43

for passage of the urethra and of the vagina

Front 44

the iliococcygeus muscles takes origin from the ?

Back 44

tendinous arch to the raphe between anal canal and coccyx

Front 45

the puboccoygeus muscle goes from the ? To the?

Back 45

pubis to the vagina/prostate, anorectal junction to the perineal body

Front 46

the puborectalis muscle is part of the ? From pubis junction of anus to rectum

Back 46

external anal sphincter

Front 47

which muscle forms a anorectal flexure?

Back 47

left and right puborectis

Front 48

which muscle is used for maintaining fecal incontinence?

Back 48

puborectalis

Front 49

which muscle attaches to the pubovaginalis/puboprostaticus ?

Back 49

pubococcygeus

Front 50

what is the functionof the levator ani muscles in the female?

Back 50

resists increase intrapelvic pressure during straining and coughing, important sphincter action on the anorectal junction ( also serves as a sphincter of the vagina)

Front 51

what is the nerve supply of the levator ani?

Back 51

nerve to levator ani (perineal branches of S4)

Front 52

what is the origination and terminaton fo the ischio-coccygeus muscle?

Back 52

ischial spine to the sacrum and coccyx

Front 53

what muscle is covered anteriorly by the sacrospinous ligament?

Back 53

coccygeus

Front 54

what is the function of the coccygeus muscle?

Back 54

assisting the levator ani in supporting the pelvic viscera

Front 55

what is the nerve supply of the coccygeus muscle?

Back 55

s4 and s5

Front 56

the pelvic fascia is continuous with?

Back 56

endoabdominal fascia

Front 57

pelvic fascia may be divided into two fasciaƒwhat r they?

Back 57

parietal pelvic fascia that lines the muscle of the walls and floor of the pelvis+ visceral pelvic fascia ( directly ensheathing pelvic organs)

Front 58

what are the two pouches in the female formed by the pelvis fascia?

Back 58

rectouterine pouch and the vesicouterine pouch

Front 59

which ligament in the females provides the most passive support for the uterus?

Back 59

transverse cervical ligament

Front 60

what is another name for the mackendoft ligament?

Back 60

transverse cervical ligament

Front 61

where does the uterine artery travel in relationship to the transverse cervical ligament?

Back 61

above the ureter

Front 62

which artery is the direct continuation of the inferior mesenteric?

Back 62

superior rectal

Front 63

list the arteries of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

Back 63

umbilical, obturator, uterine, vaginal/inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudenal, inferior gluteal

Front 64

list the arteries of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

Back 64

superior gluteal, lateral sacral, and iliolumbar

Front 65

what is the main drainage of the pelvis?

Back 65

interal iliac vein

Front 66

at what level does the interal iliac vein merges to join the common iliac artery?

Back 66

L5

Front 67

pelvic veins: which two other veins are used for drainage in the pelvis?

Back 67

inferior mesenteric vein and the vertebral venous plexus

Front 68

which venous drainage provides a pathway for pelvic cancer to metastasize to the spinal cord and brain?

Back 68

vertebral venous plexu

Front 69

lymph drainage from the pelvis is primarily to the ?

Back 69

external and internal iliac nodes'; common iliac nodes

Front 70

which plecus provides somatic innervation? And what roots form the lumbar?

Back 70

sacral plexus ( l4-l5/s1-s4)

Front 71

which plexus provides visceral innervation?

Back 71

hypogastric

Front 72

which sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are in the hypogastric plexus?

Back 72

sympathetic: sacral splanchnic. PARA: pelvic splanchnic

Front 73

the sympathetic chain of the pelvis is associated with the pelvic plexus?

Back 73

sacral spinal nerves

Front 74

"

Back 74

umbilical

Front 75

The pelvic splanchnic nerves primarily carry ____________ to the _____________ plexus.

Back 75

" Preganglionic parasympathetics--inferior hypogastric

Front 76

the pelvic splanchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the ? Smooth muscle

Back 76

non vascularized

Front 77

the pelvic splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation to the? Muscle

Back 77

Vascularized smooth muscle

Front 78

Sacrospinal ligament"

Back 78

sacrospinal ligament: Together with the sacrotuberous ligament, it converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramina. However, it is not near the perineum--it is more important as a landmark that creates the greater and lesser sciatic foramina which helps to organize the structures exiting the pelvis.

Front 79

"

Back 79

perineal body

Front 80

"

Back 80

deep artery of the penis/clitoris

Front 81

The part of the male reproductive tract which carries only semen within the prostate gland is the:

Back 81

Ejaculatory duct

Front 82

An intrahepatic blockage of the portal venous outflow may cause intestinal blood to drain via portal-systemic anastomoses into the:

Back 82

middle rectal artery

Front 83

The perineum is bounded by all of the following skeletal elements except:

Back 83

" spine of ischium

Front 84

into what does the internal rectal vein drain into?

Back 84

internal pudendal

Front 85

what crosses the ureter superiorly in males?

Back 85

ductus deferens

Front 86

what crosses the ureter superiorly in females?

Back 86

uterine artery

Front 87

What Autonomic fibers innervate the ureters?

Back 87

t11-L2

Front 88

Pressure from a filling bladder and detrusor muscle contraction will inhibit or allow for reflux of urine into the ureter?

Back 88

inhibit

Front 89

Passage of a kidney stone produces what time of pain?

Back 89

loin to groin

Front 90

The urinary bladder receives the right and left ureters at the angles of what smooth walled organ?

Back 90

trigone

Front 91

The base ( fundus) of urinary bladder is related to the ?

Back 91

seminal vesicles or the uterus of the vagina

Front 92

the apex of urinary bladder connects to the?

Back 92

medial umbilical ligament

Front 93

which part of the urinary bladder surrounds urethra/attached to the prostate?

Back 93

neck

Front 94

which ligaments attaches bladder to the organs from the pubic bone?

Back 94

pubovesical in the females, puboprostatic ligaments (males)

Front 95

Which artery suppies anterosuperior portion of the urinary bladder?

Back 95

superior vesical arteries (branch of the UMBILICAL ARTERY)

Front 96

Which artery supplies fundus and neck of the bladder?

Back 96

inferior vesical artery or vaginal artery in females

Front 97

vesical venous plexus is continuous with the ?

Back 97

prostatic venous plexus

Front 98

the ductus deferens, fundus of the bladder, prostates, seminal vesicles and penis are drained by which plexous?

Back 98

vesical venous plexus

Front 99

Vesical venous plexus is drained into the?

Back 99

internal iliac veins

Front 100

in addition to draining into the internal iliac veins, the vesicle venous plexus may also drain into?

Back 100

sacral veins into the vertebral venous plexus

Front 101

what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the urinary bladder?

Back 101

t11-l2; s2-s4 (pelvic splanchnic)

Front 102

where is the internal urethral sphincter?

Back 102

neck of the bladder

Front 103

upon sympathetic innervation, Is there contraction or stimulation that inhibits bladder emptying?

Back 103

contraction

Front 104

The preprostatic part of the urethra is surrounded by the?

Back 104

internal urethral sphincter

Front 105

where is the membranous part of the male urethra?

Back 105

deep perineal pouch

Front 106

in what part of the male urethra is the external anal sphincter located

Back 106

membranous

Front 107

what is the tough outer surface of the testes?

Back 107

tunica albuginea

Front 108

which structure forms the round ligament and the ovarian ligament of the uterus and the testes in males?

Back 108

gubernaculum

Front 109

what is the arterial supply of the testes?

Back 109

testicular artery at the level of L2

Front 110

on the right side where does the testicular vein drain? The left?

Back 110

right drains into the IVC, left drains into the left renal vein

Front 111

at what level does the pampiniform plexus of veins becomes the testicular vein?

Back 111

deep inguinal ring

Front 112

define varicocoele

Back 112

defective valves results in elongation and dilation of the pampiniform plexus; bag of warms

Front 113

a persistent _____ results in accumulation of serious fluid or blood

Back 113

persistant processis vaginalis

Front 114

where would a spermatocoele occur?

Back 114

near the head of the epididymis

Front 115

what is lymphatic drainage of the testes?

Back 115

lateral nodes..

Front 116

tumor metastasis is towards the? In testicular cancer

Back 116

abdominal cavity

Front 117

what is the nerve supply of the testes?

Back 117

sympathetic fibers run with testicular artety from the renal or aortic sym. Plexuses.

Front 118

where is the sperm stored in the epididymis?

Back 118

body

Front 119

which male structure passes through the inguinal canal?

Back 119

ductus deferens

Front 120

what is the arterial supply of the ductus deferens?

Back 120

artery to the ductus deferens from the superior vesical artery

Front 121

what is produced after a vesectomy?

Back 121

seminal fluid and prostatic fluid, no sperm

Front 122

where are the seminal vesicles found?

Back 122

bt fundas of the bladder and the rectum

Front 123

the ejaculatory duct separates what two zones of the prostate?

Back 123

middle lobe and the posterior lobe

Front 124

where exactly does the ejaculatory duct open in the seminal vesicles?

Back 124

seminal colliculus near the PROSTATIC UTRICLE

Front 125

what are prostatic sinuses for?

Back 125

where the prostatic fluid enters into the urethra to mix with sperm

Front 126

what is the point of the prostate juices?

Back 126

bathes sperm in basic fluid

Front 127

which lobes are around the ejaculatory duct?

Back 127

inferoposterior and inferolateral; superiormedial <---peripheral zone

Front 128

which lobe is lateral to the urethra?

Back 128

anteromedial ( central zone)

Front 129

which zone does BPH occur?

Back 129

middle lobe by the urethra / central zon

Front 130

which zone does prostate cancer occur?

Back 130

posterior lobe

Front 131

why is prostate cancer bad?

Back 131

Metastasis to the vertebrae, brain and spinal cord is common due to numerous connection of the prostatic venous plexus to the vertebral venous plexus

Front 132

what is the lymphatic drainage of the prostate?

Back 132

internal iliac nodes

Front 133

which nerves may be injured in removal of prostate?

Back 133

cavernous nerves --> supply erectile bodies and promote erection

Front 134

at what level is the rectum continous superiorly with the rectum?

Back 134

SV3

Front 135

the external anal sphincter is innervated by?

Back 135

inferior rectal nerves --S4

Front 136

the superior rectal artery is a branch of what artery?

Back 136

inferior mesenteric

Front 137

the inferior rectal artery is a branch of?

Back 137

internal pudenda a.a

Front 138

into what vein does the superior rectal vein drain into?

Back 138

inferior mesenteric

Front 139

is the superior rectal vei portal or caval venous system?

Back 139

portal

Front 140

the middle rectal vein drains into the? Portal or caval?

Back 140

internal iliac vein; caval

Front 141

the inferior rectal vein drains into the? Portal or caval?

Back 141

internal pudendal artery --> iVC--> caval