Male Gu, Renal, Breast Ca

Front 1

White blood cells in the urine would be indicative of?

Back 1

UTI

Front 2

Red blood cells in the urine would be indicative of?

Back 2

Kidney stone, renal cancer, bladder cancer, acute infection

Front 3

White blood cell casts in urine?

Back 3

Kidney infection

Front 4

Red blood cell casts in urine?

Back 4

Glomerulonephritis

Front 5

Protein in the urine?

Back 5

Renal disease

Front 6

Causes of glucose in urine?

Back 6

Diabetes

Front 7

What is azotemia?

Back 7

Failure to clear nitrogenous waste

Front 8

Causes of high BUN?

Back 8

Kidney not filtering nitrogen properly or lack of resorption

Front 9

Creatinine is the breakdown of what?

Back 9

Protein

Front 10

What is the best test of glomerular filtration BUN or creatinine?

Back 10

Creatinine

Front 11

Why is creatinine the best test of glomerular filtration?

Back 11

Because it is only filtered not reabsorbed

Front 12

What is the most common pathogen of a UTI?

Back 12

E. coli

Front 13

What is uncomplicated UTI?

Back 13

First documented infection in a young woman

Front 14

What would be the typical age of a patient with a complaint of an uncomplicated UTI?

Back 14

Young and female, sexually active, E. coli most common organism

Front 15

What is complicated UTI?

Back 15

It occurs in patients with abnormalities or obstruction

Front 16

What would be the typical age of a patient with a complaint of a complicated UTI?

Back 16

Older patient, not necessarily female, very young, organism is usually uncommon and not E. coli

Front 17

What makes you think a patient has pyelonephritis?

Back 17

Flank pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, usually starts out as cystitis

Front 18

What is the most common way to get pyelonephritis?

Back 18

Ascending infection, obstruction

Front 19

How does a person with kidney stones present?

Back 19

Red blood cells in urine, flank pain, colicky pain

Front 20

What are kidney stones made of?

Back 20

Calcium oxalate

Front 21

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

Back 21

Pre-renal azotemia

Front 22

How might a renal cancer patient present?

Back 22

Male, over 50, hematuria

Front 23

What is the most common type of renal cancer?

Back 23

Adenocarcinoma

Front 24

When you think of renal cancer in a child you think of?

Back 24

Nephroblastoma

Front 25

What is a Wilms tumor?

Back 25

Nephroblastoma

Front 26

What are athe hallmarks of renal failure

Back 26

oliguria, azotemia, uremia

Front 27

Prerenal failure takes place ------ the kidneys

Back 27

before

Front 28

What causes prerenal failure

Back 28

lack of blood flow, hypovolemia

Front 29

Renal failure takes place ---- the kidneys

Back 29

in the kidneys

Front 30

What are causes of renal failure

Back 30

hypertension, diabetes, lupus, sickle cell

Front 31

Postrenal failure takes place ---- the kidneys

Back 31

after

Front 32

What are causes of postrenal failure

Back 32

hypervolemie, urethral destruction, bladder dyfunction / obstruction in men BPH is the most common cause

Front 33

What are the hallmarks of nephritic syndrome

Back 33

RBC and WBC in urine, RBC casts

Front 34

What are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome

Back 34

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia

Front 35

What is poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Back 35

glomerular injury caused by antigens due to streptococcal infection, getting lodged in the glomerulus

Front 36

what is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis

Back 36

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 37

How might a man with BPH present

Back 37

hesitancy, increased frequency, urgency, nocturia, decreased stream

Front 38

How do you check for urinary retention in the clinic setting

Back 38

catheterization of pt

Front 39

What is the difference between acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis

Back 39

acute baacterial prostatitis, tender prostate, no urethral discharge, fever, chilld, dysuria, chronic bacterial prostatitis-asymptomatic, possible lower back px, elevated PSA

Front 40

How would a man with urethritis present

Back 40

urinary symptoms such as px with urination, penal discharge

Front 41

What might be the cause of urethritis

Back 41

gonorrhea or chlamydia

Front 42

How does epididymis present

Back 42

unilateral px all along the posterior side of the testes, scrotal px, with possible discharge

Front 43

What is the most common cause of epididymitis

Back 43

chlamydia

Front 44

How does testiculr torsion present

Back 44

acute onset of excruciating px

Front 45

How do you diagnose testicular torsion

Back 45

ultrasound

Front 46

Why is testiculr torsion a surgical emergency

Back 46

ischemia of the testes

Front 47

How does testicular cancer present

Back 47

painless nodule on testicle, young males 20-35

Front 48

How does prostate cancer present

Back 48

hard nodules felt duing prostate exam, elevated PSA

Front 49

How might you tell the difference between a prostate cancer nodule and an enlarged prostate due to BPH

Back 49

prostate cancer nodule is hard, enlarged prostate due to BPH would be soft and tender

Front 50

How does bladder cancer present

Back 50

older male, gross hematuria

Front 51

What is the risk factor for bladder cancer

Back 51

cigarettes

Front 52

What are the risk factors for breast cancer

Back 52

early menses, late onset of menopause, not having kids, fam hx, if mom had premenopausal bilateral breast CA as opposed to postmenopausal unilateral breast CA, not breast-feeding, having kids after the age of 35, increased risk, genetic mutations (BRCA1-2)

Front 53

Who do we screen for breast cancer

Back 53

every year after age 50, screening between age 40 and 50 is contraversial

Front 54

What should younger women (20-40) do for screening

Back 54

clinical breast exams every 2-3 years, self breast exams

Front 55

MALE GU, MORE RENAL, BREAST CANCER

Back 55

MALE GU, MORE RENAL, BREAST CANCER