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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definitive Host
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Host in which the parasite completes SEXUAL phase of its life cycle.
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Intermediate Host
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Host in which the parasite lives, completing life cycle or reproducing asexually.
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Vector
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Organism which TRANSMITS a parasite to a host.
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Reservoir
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Host in which MAINTAINS the population over time.
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T/F
In Malaria, the vector is the definitive host. |
True
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Asexual stages in Malaria?
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*Merozoite = ring
*Tropozoite *schizont |
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Sexual stages of Malaria?
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*Gametocytes
*Oocyst *Sporozite |
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Describe the PREPATENT clinical course of Malaria.
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Patient is asymptomatic while the parasite multiplies in the liver.
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Describe the PAROXYSM in the clinical course of Malaria.
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*Shaking chills
*High Fever *Very sudden and periodic *RBCs are bursting and releasing new merzoites. |
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2 important factors of diagnosing Malaria.
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*Giemsa staining (thick and thin)
*TRAVEL HISTORY |
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What is the only infectious stage of the Malaria parasite?
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Gametocyte
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Three types of Malaria parasite.
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*Plasmodium Falciparum
*P. Vivax and Ovale *p. Malariae |
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What type of RBCs do P. Vivax and P. Ovale invade?
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Reticulocytes
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Schuffner's Dots are indictative of which plasmodium?
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P Vivax and Ovale
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P Vivax and Ovale produce a latent form of the disease called? Where do they reside?
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Hypnozoites reside in the liver, and can re-initiate disease years later.
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What is the periodicity of P Vivax and Ovale?
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48 Hrs
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Describe Plasmodium Malariae.
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*Invade old RBCs and Hg
*No hypnozoites *72 Hr periodicity |
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What type of RBCs does Plasmodium Falciparum invade?
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All RBCs
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What shape are the P. Falciparum gametocyte and what is the periodicity?
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*Sickle/banana shaped gametocyte
*48 hr periodicity |
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What is teh most common type of malaria?
What are some characteristics? |
Falciparum Malaria.
*Most dangerous and drug resistant. *Can form Cerebral Malaria. |
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Why is Falciparum malaria the most dangerous and why aren't intermediate stages seen in the periphery?
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Form knobs which "stick" to capillaries and get sequestered, thus they do not circulate. This can block cerebral circulation and lead to cerebral malaria.
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High and Low transmission rates of malaria?
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High transmission = immune adults and infected kids and elderly.
Low Transmission = disease in all ages. |
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Which areas of the world have the highest drug resistance?
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Latin America and SE Asia.
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Drugs used for prohaylaxis of malaria?
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*Chloroquine
*Malarone *Doxycycline *Primaquine |
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3 personal protection techniques against malaria.
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*Bed nets
*DEET *Long sleeves and pants |
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Treatment of Malaria.
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*Chloroquine
*Mefloquine *Quinine-tetracylcine |
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Genetic Predispo to Malaria.
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*Sickle cell and Thalassemia
*Gluc-6-phos dehydrog *Ovalocytosis *Duffy blood group negative |
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What is the vector and reservoir in Babesiosis?
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Vector = Tick
Reservoir = White-footed mouse |
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What illness does Babeiosides mimic? In what patient cohort can this disease manifest?
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Disease mimics Malaria and can be severe in splenectomized and elderly patients.
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What is the definitive host in Toxoplasma gondii?
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Felines
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What are the two routes of infection in T. Gondii?
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*Oocyst from cat feces.
*Cyst from undercooked meat. |
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T/F
T. Gondii manifests into a mononecleosis like disease in 40-50% of the cases. |
False...10-20% of the cases.
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Can toxoplasmosis be harmful to pregnant women? Why?
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T. Gondii can be harmful to non-immune females if they are infected during their pregnancy.
*1st Tri = malformations 2/3rd Tri = Abortions |
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What two ways do AIDS patients generally present with T Gondii?
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*Encephalitis ( usually fatal)
*Retinal lesions |
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What two ways do AIDS patients generally present with T Gondii?
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*Encephalitis ( usually fatal)
*Retinal lesions |
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What two methods are used to diagnose T Gondii?
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*Serology
*Culture/Innoc of mice |
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Cryptosporidiosis has been known as a cattle pathogen, what has allowed it to become a pathogen in humans?
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Opprotunistic infx in AIDS patients.
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Symptoms and treatment of Cryptosporidosis?
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*Mild diarrhea in immunocompetent.
*Severs diarrhea in immunocompromised. *No effective treatment. |
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How is Cryptosporidosis transmitted?
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*Drinking water - source of most outbrks
*Swimming pools *Food *Cysts resistant to Chlorine. |
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What are the two genotypes found in cryptospor., and who do they infect?
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*C. Hominis = Infx humans ONLY.
*C. Parvum = Infx Cattle and humans. |
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Outbreaks of cryptospor. in the US/UK are usually due to which genotype?
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Outbreaks are generally C. Hominis, while sporadic cases are confined to C. Parvum.
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Outbreaks in developing countries are generally due to which cryptospor genotype?
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C Parvum
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What are some differences b/t cryptospor and cyclospor?
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*Cyclo is larger
*Cyclo has NO animal reservior. *same life cycle and illness, and outbreaks are due to imported foods. |